1.1 这些试验方法包括使用液体污染物斜面试验评估绝缘固体的相对跟踪和耐腐蚀性。 2. 以下测试方法也可用于评估材料的耐跟踪性:测试方法 D2132 （污染物:灰尘和雾）和试验方法 D3638 （污染物:导电液滴）。 1.2 描述了两个跟踪和一个侵蚀试验程序: 1.2.1 评估跟踪阻力的“可变电压方法”。 1.2.2 评估跟踪阻力的“跟踪时间法”。 1.2.3 侵蚀定量测定方法( 附件A1 ). 1.3 虽然指定了特定的污染物溶液，但使用相同污染物或不同污染物的其他浓度来模拟不同的环境或使用条件。 1.4 以英寸-磅为单位的数值应视为标准值。括号中给出的值是到国际单位制的数学转换，仅供参考，不被视为标准值。 1.5 虽然本标准和IEC 60587-2007“在恶劣环境条件下使用的电绝缘材料耐漏电和侵蚀性评估的试验方法”在方法或细节上有所不同，但使用其中任何一种方法获得的数据在技术上是等效的。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 第节给出了具体的预防说明 9 . 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 这些试验方法根据固体电绝缘材料在被可电离导电液体污染物润湿时对沿固体表面的电压应力作用的耐受性来区分固体电绝缘材料。 5.2 这些试验方法以相对方式定量评估了材料表面放电作用对绝缘材料的影响。 这种影响类似于在使用中受到灰尘和大气中凝结的水分的影响时可能发生的影响。 5.2.1 在现场，导致放电的条件偶尔发生。退化，通常以导电“轨道”的形式，发展非常缓慢，直到它最终桥接导体之间的空间，从而导致完全的电气击穿。 5.2.2 在这些试验方法中，导电液体污染物以最佳速率连续供应到试样表面，其方式可以保持基本连续的放电。 5.2.3 通过产生具有受控能量的连续表面放电，有可能在几个小时内导致试样失效，这类似于长时间放电下发生的失效- 长期暴露在现场不稳定的服务条件下。 5.2.4 标准化和加速的测试条件并不能再现服务中遇到的所有条件。在根据跟踪测试的结果进行直接或比较服务行为推断时，请小心。 5.3 跟踪1英寸的时间。在规定电压下，间隔2英寸的电极之间的距离为（25 mm）。（50 mm）也被发现有助于对室内和室外保护应用的绝缘材料进行分类，例如金属铠装开关设备。 5.4 已发现初始跟踪电压有助于评估在高压或户外使用且无保护的绝缘材料，以及建立（见 11.1 )跟踪测试时间的测试电压。 5.5 在使用中，许多类型的污染会在不同程度上导致不同材料的跟踪和侵蚀。该测试方法认识到这种可变性的重要性，并建议使用特殊的测试解决方案来满足特定的服务需求。例如，另外含有含碳成分（例如糖）的离子污染物被取代，以在诸如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯之类的高抗性材料上引起跟踪。这种污染被认为是某些恶劣工业环境的代表。在这种情况下，使用时间跟踪技术，因为分解污染物溶液和在样品表面上积聚导电残留物需要时间。 5.6 非常耐径迹的材料，如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，在更常见的使用污染条件下通常会腐蚀而不是径迹。因此，使用该方法测量侵蚀非常重要。对于侵蚀研究，只有在恒定电压下作为时间函数的测试才有用。

1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of the relative tracking and erosion resistance of insulating solids using the liquid-contaminant, inclined-plane test. 2 The following test methods also can be used to evaluate the tracking resistance of materials: Test Method D2132 (contaminants: dust and fog) and Test Method D3638 (contaminant: conductive liquid drops). 1.2 Two tracking and one erosion test procedure are described: 1.2.1 A “variable voltage method” to evaluate resistance to tracking. 1.2.2 A “time-to-track method” to evaluate resistance to tracking. 1.2.3 A method for quantitative determination of erosion ( Annex A1 ). 1.3 While a particular contaminant solution is specified, other concentrations of the same contaminant, or different contaminants are used to simulate different environmental or service conditions. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 Although this standard and IEC 60587-2007, “Test Methods for Evaluating Resistance to Tracking and Erosion for Electrical Insulating Materials Used Under Severe Ambient Conditions,” differ in approach or detail, data obtained using either are technically equivalent. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 9 . 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 These test methods differentiate solid electrical insulating materials on the basis of their resistance to the action of voltage stresses along the surface of the solid when wet with an ionizable, electrically conductive liquid contaminant. 5.2 These test methods quantitatively evaluate, in a relative manner, the effects upon an insulating material resulting from the action of electrical discharges upon a material surface. The effects are similar to those that may occur in service under the influence of dirt combined with moisture condensed from the atmosphere. 5.2.1 In the field, the conditions resulting in electrical discharges occur sporadically. Degradation, often in the form of a conducting “track,” develops very slowly until it ultimately bridges the space between conductors thus causing complete electrical breakdown. 5.2.2 In these test methods, the conducting liquid contaminant is continuously supplied at an optimum rate to the surface of a test specimen in such a fashion that essentially continuous electrical discharge can be maintained. 5.2.3 By producing continuous surface discharge with controlled energy it is possible, within a few hours, to cause specimen failure which is similar to failure occurring under long-time exposure to the erratic conditions of service in the field. 5.2.4 The test conditions, which are standardized and accelerated, do not reproduce all of the conditions encountered in service. Use caution when making either direct or comparative service behavior inferences derived from the results of tracking tests. 5.3 The time-to-track a 1-in. (25 mm) distance at a specified voltage between electrodes separated 2 in. (50 mm) has also been found useful in categorizing insulating materials for indoor and protected outdoor applications, such as metal-clad switchgear. 5.4 The initial tracking voltage has been found useful for evaluating insulating materials to be used at high voltages or outdoors and unprotected, as well as for establishing (see 11.1 ) the test voltage for the time-to-track test. 5.5 In service many types of contamination cause tracking and erosion of different materials to different degrees. This test method recognizes the importance of such variability and suggests the use of special test solutions to meet specific service needs. For example, an ionic contaminant containing, in addition, a carbonaceous component such as sugar is substituted to cause tracking on very resistant materials like polymethylmethacrylate. Such contamination is considered representative of some severe industrial environments. In this case, the time-to-track technique is used, since time is required to decompose the contaminant solution and build up conducting residues on the sample surface. 5.6 Very track-resistant materials, such as polymethylmethacrylate, typically erodes rather than track under more usual contaminant conditions in service. The use of this method for measuring erosion is consequently important. For erosion studies, only tests as a function of time at constant voltage are useful.