相关概念和原则 水资源综合管理 （IWRM）已经存在很多年了 几十年。整合的IWRM方法 将水和废水公用设施整合为一个 组织有几个优势，尤其是 对于更大的城市地区。不仅可以 两个设施的管道应铺设在同一管道中 挖掘，但人力资源也可以 通过水的交叉训练来保存 供应和废水处理服务人员。 虽然有很多优点，但是 这一概念迟迟未能实现的原因有哪些 获得认可。这些原因中的一些已经被证实 与公共事业服务的方法有关 不同的国家；例如，在德国 废水处理服务属于 路政署。 芬兰的公用事业服务，以及一个较小的 拓展瑞典，提供机会 在一个平台上研究水资源综合管理的实施 规模更大。当然是水的结合 以及这两个国家的污水处理设施 他们都面临着挑战。有 有时很少合作 甚至是公司员工之间的竞争文化 合并后的公用事业公司。但更重要的是， 几乎没有什么文件 关于如何处理单独的实用程序 提供不同的服务实际上是 合并。本文着眼于已知的情况 缺少什么信息 这些类型的合并和建议的领域 进行进一步研究。 作者建议，这些经验教训 从实施水资源综合管理中吸取的教训 在芬兰和瑞典，全球范围更广 各国都在寻找解决问题的方法 提高工作效率 资源越来越有限。包括37个参考文献、表格、图表。

The concepts and principles associated with Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) have been around for many decades. The IWRM approach of merging water and wastewater utilities into a single organization has several advantages, particularly for larger urban areas. Not only can pipes for both services be laid in the same excavation, but human resources can also be conserved through cross-training of water supply and wastewater services personnel. Although there are advantages, for a variety of reasons the concept has been slow to gain acceptance. Some of these reasons have to do with the approach to utility services in different countries; for example, in Germany wastewater services fall under the purview of the roads department. Utility services in Finland, and to a lesser extent Sweden, provide opportunities to study the implementation of IWRM on a wider scale. Certainly the mergers of water and wastewater utilities in these two countries have had their challenges. There has sometimes been little cooperation, and even a culture of rivalry between staff of the merged utilities. But more significant, there has been very little documentation about how the processes of separate utilities providing different services were actually merged. This article looks at what is known and what information is lacking about these types of mergers and suggests areas for additional study. The authors suggest that the lessons learned from the implementation of IWRM in Finland and Sweden have wider global applications as countries search for ways to incorporate greater efficiencies while working with increasingly limited resources.Includes 37 references, table, figure.