1.1 本指南涵盖了在聚合物材料（例如，纤维、油漆、胶带）的法医检验中选择和应用各种PGC和PGC/MS程序和方法的信息和建议。PGC和PGC/MS方法用于识别和比较这些材料的有机成分。参考实践 D3452 有关聚合物分析用热解系统制备的更多信息。 1.2 本指南将与更广泛的分析方案（如指南）结合使用 E1610 或 E3260 或SWGMAT法医纤维检验指南。 1.3 本标准旨在供受过必要的正规教育和专业培训的合格法医学从业人员使用（见实践） E2917 , E3233 , E3234 )，并表现出熟练的司法案件处理能力。 1.4 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 本指南提供了选择适当样品制备方法和仪器参数的指南，用于通过PGC和PGC/MS分析、比较或识别各种聚合物材料。 4.1.1 PGC/MS可以区分不同类别的纤维（例如，丙烯酸、聚酯、尼龙）和不同类别的纤维（例如，丙烯酸） ( 1- 3. ) . 5. 4.1.2 涂料粘合剂根据涂料配方中使用的单体种类进行区分，这些单体可能难以通过其他分析技术进行识别。 此外，可以检测或识别一些添加剂。 4.1.3 可以通过分离和识别胶带粘合部分中的有机成分来实现区分 ( 4. , 5. ) 在电子胶带的背面 ( 6. ) . 4.1.4 PGC/MS可以为其他类型的聚合物提供额外的区分，例如汽车镜片、汽车车身填充物、化妆品、塑料和橡胶 ( 7- 9 ) . 4.2 热解通过利用热能破坏键，以可再生的方式将大分子分解成许多小分子。 分析热解用于提供无法溶解或以其他方式引入色谱系统的有机固体的化学信息。它还用于分析和比较固体材料（如胶带粘合剂）中结合的溶剂 ( 10 ) . 当使用气相色谱等分离技术进行分析时，通过热解作用产生的较小分子形成分离碎片的图案。当使用质谱检测器时，也可以获得指示原始分子的质量和结构信息。 4.3 虽然这是一种破坏性方法，因此通常放在分析方案的末尾，但不同聚合物成分产生的热解图形成的特征模式对识别聚合物类型和样品之间的比较都很有用 ( 4. , 6. , 9- 23 ) . 当用于比较目的时，目标是确定样本之间是否存在任何排除性差异。

1.1 This guide covers information and recommendations for the selection and application of various PGC and PGC/MS procedures and methods in the forensic examination of polymeric materials (for example, fibers, paint, tape). PGC and PGC/MS methods are used for the identification and comparison of the organic components of these materials. Refer to Practice D3452 for further information on the preparation of the pyrolysis system for polymeric analyses. 1.2 This guide is to be used in conjunction with a broader analytical scheme such as Guides E1610 or E3260 , or the SWGMAT Forensic Fiber Examination Guidelines. 1.3 This standard is intended for use by competent forensic science practitioners with the requisite formal education, discipline-specific training (see Practices E2917 , E3233 , E3234 ), and demonstrated proficiency to perform forensic casework. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This guide provides guidance in the selection of appropriate sample preparation methods and instrumental parameters for the analysis, comparison, or identification of various polymeric materials by PGC and PGC/MS. 4.1.1 PGC/MS can differentiate between classes of fibers (for example, acrylic, polyester, nylon) and within classes of fibers (for example, acrylics) ( 1- 3 ) . 5 4.1.2 Paint binders are differentiated based upon the variety of monomers used in paint formulations which could be difficult to identify by other analytical techniques. In addition, some additives can be detected or identified. 4.1.3 Differentiation can be achieved by the separation and identification of organic components in the adhesive portion of tapes ( 4 , 5 ) and in the backings of electrical tapes ( 6 ) . 4.1.4 PGC/MS can provide additional discrimination for other types of polymers such as automotive lenses, automotive body fillers, cosmetics, plastics, and rubbers ( 7- 9 ) . 4.2 Pyrolysis breaks a large molecule into many smaller molecules in a reproducible fashion through the breaking of bonds by means of the application of thermal energy. Analytical pyrolysis is used to provide chemical information on organic-containing solids that cannot be dissolved or otherwise introduced into a chromatographic system. It is also used to analyze and compare solvents bound in a solid material (such as tape adhesives) ( 10 ) . When analyzed using a separation technique such as gas chromatography, the smaller molecules produced through the action of pyrolysis form a pattern of separated fragments. Mass and structural information indicative of the original molecule are also available when a mass spectral detector is used. 4.3 Although a destructive method, and therefore often placed at the end of an analytical scheme, the pyrograms produced from different polymer compositions form characteristic patterns that are useful for both identification of polymer type and comparisons between samples ( 4 , 6 , 9- 23 ) . When used for comparison purposes, the goal is to determine whether any exclusionary differences exist between the samples.