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Standard Guide for Thermocouple Verification 热电偶验证标准指南
发布日期: 2020-01-01
1.1 本指南描述了可用于验证新的或以前使用的热电偶的测试。一些测试自行执行适当的验证,但许多测试仅在热电偶测试失败时提醒用户严重问题。一些测试检查不均匀性,其他测试检测导线或测量结断裂。对于具有未接地测量接头的U型矿物绝缘金属护套(MIMS)热电偶,本指南包括检查护套电绝缘以及护套劣化的测试。 1.2 第一组测试涉及设计在热电偶处于其使用环境时进行的测量验证。第二组包括电气测试和目视检查,旨在评估热电偶的功能;这些测试可以在室内或校准实验室中进行。第三组由设计在校准实验室进行的同质性测试组成。一些测试提供了简单的方法来识别一些(但不是全部)有缺陷的热电偶,仅凭这些测试不足以验证使用过的热电偶。 可能需要通过其他测试进行补充,以完成验证。 1.3 本指南的读者应决定需要执行的测试。这一决定取决于读者是使用热电偶进行温度测量还是在实验室进行热电偶校准。对于热电偶用户,建议首先进行第一组和第二组的适当测试,因为它们可以立即对热电偶进行现场验证。 测试的适当性取决于用户的温度测量不确定度要求。一些测试在其验证测量中的不确定性可能低于其他测试。如果这些测试无法明确确定热电偶的适用性,则应将其发送至校准实验室,以执行第三组测试中的适当测试,该测试提供了有关热电偶均匀性的最完整信息。对于在实验室进行热电偶校准的人员,建议在校准之前进行第二组和第三组的适当测试。 测试的适当性取决于校准实验室执行测试的能力和便利性,以及被测单元(UUT)的特性。 1.4 本指南可用于贱金属和贵金属热电偶。所涵盖的一些方法可能适用于难熔金属热电偶,但建议谨慎,因为高温下可能不容易获得合适的参考装置。 1.5 本指南可能涉及危险材料、操作和设备。 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题(如有)。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践,并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒(TBT)委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 这些验证试验可由热电偶的用户或校准器进行。这些方法对新的和使用过的热电偶都有用。它们提供了一种评估热电偶测量温度精度的方法。 5.2 这些测试的结果可用于确定是否使用或丢弃热电偶。如果随后使用热电偶,测试结果可能包括在测量不确定度预算中。 在许多情况下 现场 验证可用于重新校准使用过的热电偶。另一方面,实验室测量只能用于验证原始热电偶校准或确定被测热电偶温度测量的不确定度。实验室测量通常不足以确定发现不均匀热电偶的电动势与温度响应。
1.1 This guide describes tests that may be applied to new or previously used thermocouples for the purpose of verification. Some of the tests perform a suitable verification by themselves, but many tests merely alert the user to serious problems if the thermocouple fails the test. Some of the tests examine inhomogeneity and others detect wire or measuring-junction breakage. For Style U mineral-insulated metal-sheathed (MIMS) thermocouples with ungrounded measuring junctions, this guide includes tests that examine the electrical isolation of the sheath as well as sheath deterioration. 1.2 The first set of tests involves measurement verifications designed to be performed while the thermocouple is in its usage environment. The second set is composed of electrical tests and visual inspections designed to evaluate the functionality of the thermocouple; these tests may be performed either in house or in a calibration laboratory. The third set is made up of homogeneity tests designed to be performed in a calibration laboratory. Some of the tests provide simple methods to identify some, but not all, defective thermocouples, and alone do not suffice to verify a used thermocouple. They may need to be complemented by other tests for a complete verification. 1.3 The reader of this guide should decide which of the described tests need to be performed. This decision is dependent on whether the reader uses thermocouples for temperature measurement or performs thermocouple calibrations in a laboratory. For users of thermocouples, it is recommended that appropriate tests from the first and second sets be performed initially, as they provide immediate on-site verification of the thermocouples. The appropriateness of a test is dependent upon the user’s temperature measurement uncertainty requirements. Some tests may have lower uncertainties in their verification measurements than others. If these tests do not clearly determine the suitability of the thermocouples, they should be sent to a calibration laboratory for performing appropriate tests from the third set, which give the most complete information on the thermocouple homogeneity. For those who perform thermocouple calibrations in a laboratory, it is recommended that appropriate tests from the second and third sets be performed prior to calibration. The appropriateness of a test is dependent on the calibration laboratory’s capability and convenience for performing the test, as well as the characteristics of the unit under test (UUT). 1.4 This guide may be used for base metal and noble metal thermocouples. Some of the methods covered may apply to refractory metal thermocouples but caution is advised as suitable reference devices at high temperatures may not be readily available. 1.5 This guide may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 These verification tests may be performed by users or calibrators of thermocouples. The methods are useful for both new and used thermocouples. They provide a means to assess the accuracy with which a thermocouple is capable of measuring temperature. 5.2 Results from these tests may be used to determine whether to use or discard a thermocouple. If the thermocouple is subsequently used, the test results may be included in the measurement uncertainty budget. In many circumstances, the results of in-situ verifications may be used to recalibrate a used thermocouple. Laboratory measurements, on the other hand, may be used only to verify the original thermocouple calibration or to determine the uncertainty of temperature measurements with the tested thermocouple. Laboratory measurements generally do not suffice to determine the emf-versus-temperature response of a thermocouple found to be inhomogeneous.
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归口单位: E20.14
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