面板加热和冷却系统在空调空间的地板、墙壁或天花板上使用受控温度表面。温度由通过嵌入面板中的回路的循环流体维持。热传递通过辐射和对流进入或离开房间而发生。这些系统的性能可以通过设计计算或测试来确定。通过实验进行热测试和系统分析成本高且效率低。对于不同的封闭面板系统，开发了基于有限元的模型和程序，通过这些模型和程序可以计算结构中的温度分布、性能与平均载液温度、面板表面温度和室温之间的相互依赖关系。推导出了一个所有相关参数的幂函数积，作为计算面板加热和冷却系统性能的算法，可适用于其他系统。 研究结果已通过地板加热板的实验得到验证，效果最佳。这些基本方程式提供了德国标准DIN 4725“地板供暖的热输出”的设计标准，该标准已被采纳为欧洲标准EN 1264。还将有限元法计算结果与基于ASHRAE方法的设计计算结果进行了比较。单元:科学:研讨会，ASHRAE交易，第106卷，第页。1.

Panel heating and cooling systems use controlled temperature surfaces in the floor, walls, or ceiling of a conditioned space. The temperature is maintained by a circulating fluid through a circuit embedded in the panel. Heat transfer occurs by radiation and convection to or from a room. The performance of these systems may be determined by design calculations or testing. Thermal testing and system analysis by experiments are costly and inefficient. For different closed panel systems, finite element-based models and programs were developed by which temperature distribution in the construction, interdependence between performance and mean carrier fluid temperature, panel surface temperature, and room temperature can be calculated. One single power function product of all relevant parameters has been derived as an algorithm for performance calculations of panel heating and cooling systems, which can be adapted for other systems. Findings have been verified by experiment for floor heating panels with best results. These basic equations provided the design standards for German Standard DIN 4725, "Thermal Output of Floor Heating," which has been adopted as European Standard EN 1264. Finite element method calculation results were also compared with results from design calculations based on the ASHRAE method.Units: SI