1.1
These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing untreated paper to be used as an electrical insulator or as a constituent of a composite material used for electrical insulating purposes.
1.1.1
Untreated papers are thin, fibrous sheets normally laid down from a water suspension of pulped fibers (usually cellulosic) with or without various amounts of nonfibrous ingredients, and which are calendared, if required, to obtain desired thickness and density. Nevertheless, these test methods are applicable, generally although not invariably, to papers formed by other means, to papers modified (during or after formation) by additions, and to papers given subsequent mechanical treatments such as creping.
1.1.2
As an electrical insulating and dielectric material, paper is considered “untreated” until it is subjected to a manufacturing process such as drying, impregnation, or varnish treatment.
1.1.3
The test methods given herein were developed specifically for papers having a thickness of 0.75 mm (0.030 in.) or less. A number of these test methods are also suitable for use on other materials such as pulps or boards. Refer to Test Methods
D3376
or
D3394
to determine which tests are applicable to pulps or electrical insulating boards. In the paper industry, some products in thicknesses of less than 0.75 mm are termed “paperboard”. Such products are included within the scope of these methods.
1.1.4
These test methods are applicable to flexible fibrous-mat materials formed from suspensions of fiber in fluids other than water. Thicknesses of these mats approach 2 mm, and the fibers contained are possibly natural, synthetic, organic, or inorganic; fillers that are natural, synthetic, organic, or inorganic; and flexible polymeric binder materials.
1.2
The procedures appear in the following sections:
Procedure
Sections
ASTM or TAPPI Reference
(Modified)
Absorption (Rise of Water)
78
to
83
.
Acidity-Alkalinity-pH
45
to
54
E70
Air Resistance
98
to
101
D726
Aqueous Extract Conductivity
55
to
64
.
Ash Content
40
to
44
D586
Bursting Strength
102
to
107
D774/D774M
Chlorides (Water-Extractable)
165
to
183
.
Conditioning
15
D6054
Conducting Paths
138
to
151
.
Density, Apparent
29
to
33
.
Dielectric Strength
152
to
157
D149
Dimensions of Sheet, Rolls and Cores
16
to
24
D374
Dissipation Factor and Permittivity
158
to
164
D150
Edge-Tearing Resistance
126
to
130
D827
Fiber Analysis
74
to
77
D1030
Folding Endurance
108
to
110
T 423 and
D2176
Grammage
25
to
28
D646
Permittivity
158
to
164
D150
Heat Stability in Air
131
to
137
D827
Impregnation Time
84
to
91
.
Internal-Tearing Resistance
121
to
125
D689
or T 414
Moisture Content
34
to
39
D644
and
D3277
Particulate Copper
193
to
202
.
Particulate Iron
184
to
192
.
Reagents
4
D1193
Reports
14
E29
Sampling
6
to
13
D3636
Silver Tarnishing by Paper and Paperboard
203
to
206
T 444
Solvent-Soluble Matter
65
to
73
.
Surface Friction
92
to
97
D528
and T 455
Tensile Properties
111
to
120
D76
,
E4
Thickness (see Dimensions)
16
to
24
D374
1.3
The tests for Holes and Felt Hair Inclusions and the Stain Test for Fine Pores, have been removed from this compilation of test methods. These test methods were specific to grades of capacitor paper formerly covered by Specification
D1930
, which has been withdrawn.
Note 1:
This compilation of test methods is closely related to IEC Publication 60554-2. Not all of the individual methods included herein are included in IEC 60554-2, nor are all of the methods in IEC 60554-2 included in this standard. The individual procedures as described in the two standards are in general sufficiently close to each other that it is reasonable to expect that test results obtained by most of the procedures specified in either standard will not differ significantly. However, before assuming that a procedure in these test methods is exactly equivalent to an IEC 60554-2 procedure, the written procedures must be compared closely, and if it seems advisable, test results by the two procedures are compared.
1.4
The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
See
43.2.1
,
71.1
,
143.1
,
148.1
and
156.1
for specific hazards.
1.6
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
====== Significance And Use ======
8.1
In the buyer-seller relationship it is necessary that an understanding exists as to the expected nominal characteristics of the product, and the magnitude of permissible departure from the nominal values. Also, it is necessary that an agreement be reached as to how many units of a lot can fall outside of the specification limits without rejection of the lot. It is this latter subject that is addressed by this test method.
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