1.1 本标准提供了JCGM测量数据评估-测量不确定度表达指南（GUM）中描述的概念的使用指南，以估计辐射处理中吸收剂量测量的不确定度。 1.2 给出了识别、评估和估计与剂量测量系统使用相关的测量不确定度分量的方法，以及基于GUM方法计算剂量测量的组合标准测量不确定度和扩展（总体）不确定度的方法。 1.3 给出了如何制定测量不确定度预算和不确定度声明的示例。 1.4 本文件是一套标准之一，为在辐射处理中正确实施剂量测定提供了建议，并为实现符合ISO/ASTM要求提供了指导 52628 与评估和记录与剂量测定系统测量相关的不确定度有关。 本标准旨在与ISO/ASTM一起阅读 52628 ，ISO/ASTM 51261 和ISO/ASTM 52701 . 1.5 本指南不涉及工艺规范或合格评定的制定。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 所有测量，包括剂量测量，都有相关的不确定性。测量不确定度的大小对于评估测量系统结果的质量很重要。 4.2 特定剂量测定系统的ISO/ASTM标准中给出了特定剂量测定系统可实现不确定度值范围的信息。虽然特定剂量测定标准中给出的不确定度值是可以实现的，但应注意，根据测量条件和仪器，可能会获得较小和较大的不确定度值。 更多信息请参见ISO/ASTM 52628 . 4.3 本指南使用了GUM采用的方法来估计测量中的不确定性（参见 2.4 ). 因此，不确定度分量评估为A类不确定度或B类不确定度。 4.4 量化不确定度的单个分量可以帮助用户确定降低测量不确定度的措施。 4.5 应定期重新评估不确定性，以确认现有估计。如果发生可能影响现有分量估计或导致添加新的不确定性分量的变化，则应建立新的不确定性估计。 4.6 尽管本指南提供了评估不确定性的框架，但它不能替代批判性思维、智力诚实和专业技能。不确定性评估既不是常规任务，也不是纯粹的数学任务； 这取决于对被测物性质以及所用测量方法和程序的详细了解。因此，测量结果引用的不确定度的质量和效用最终取决于对其价值分配做出贡献的人的理解、批判性分析和完整性（JCGM 100:2008）。

1.1 This standard provides guidance on the use of concepts described in the JCGM Evaluation of Measurement Data – Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) to estimate the uncertainties in the measurement of absorbed dose in radiation processing. 1.2 Methods are given for identifying, evaluating and estimating the components of measurement uncertainty associated with the use of dosimetry systems and for calculating combined standard measurement uncertainty and expanded (overall) uncertainty of dose measurements based on the GUM methodology. 1.3 Examples are given on how to develop a measurement uncertainty budget and a statement of uncertainty. 1.4 This document is one of a set of standards that provides recommendations for properly implementing dosimetry in radiation processing, and provides guidance for achieving compliance with the requirements of ISO/ASTM 52628 related to the evaluation and documentation of the uncertainties associated with measurements made with a dosimetry system. It is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO/ASTM 52628 , ISO/ASTM 51261 and ISO/ASTM 52701 . 1.5 This guide does not address the establishment of process specifications or conformity assessment. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 All measurements, including dose measurements, have an associated uncertainty. The magnitude of the measurement uncertainty is important for assessing the quality of the results of the measurement system. 4.2 Information on the range of achievable uncertainty values for specific dosimetry systems is given in the ISO/ASTM standards for the specific dosimetry systems. While the uncertainty values given in specific dosimetry standards are achievable, it should be noted that both smaller and larger uncertainty values might be obtained depending on measurement conditions and instrumentation. For more information see also ISO/ASTM 52628 . 4.3 This guide uses the methodology adopted by the GUM for estimating uncertainties in measurements (see 2.4 ). Therefore, components of uncertainty are evaluated as either Type A uncertainty or Type B uncertainty. 4.4 Quantifying individual components of uncertainty may assist the user in identifying actions to reduce the measurement uncertainty. 4.5 Periodically, the uncertainty should be reassessed to confirm the existing estimate. Should changes occur that could influence the existing component estimates or result in the addition of new components of uncertainty, a new estimate of uncertainty should be established. 4.6 Although this guide provides a framework for assessing uncertainty, it cannot substitute for critical thinking, intellectual honesty, and professional skill. The evaluation of uncertainty is neither a routine task nor a purely mathematical one; it depends on detailed knowledge of the nature of the measurand and of the measurement method and procedure used. The quality and utility of the uncertainty quoted for the result of a measurement therefore ultimately depends on the understanding, critical analysis, and integrity of those who contribute to the assignment of its value (JCGM 100:2008).