1.1 本指南介绍了一种确定防溢油围栅浮力重量比（B/W）的实用方法。 1.2 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.3 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 本指南介绍了一种确定溢油响应吊杆浮力重量比的方法。该原理基于阿基米德定律，阿基米德定律指出，完全或部分浸入流体中的物体将受到与被其排出的流体重量相等或相反的向上力。 4.2 除非另有规定，在本指南中使用时，术语 浮力重量比 指总浮力与重量之比。浮力是泄漏响应吊杆在暴露于水流力、微生物生长造成的污垢（增加重量）和波浪条件下跟随水面的能力的指标。 静止状态以外的表面条件将对收集或遏制性能产生不利影响。当存在波浪时，与表面的一致性对于防止损失至关重要。指南中规定了防溢油吊杆的最小浮力重量比 F1523 用于各种环境条件。 4.3 本指南提供了使用流体置换法确定浮力重量比所需的方法。这种方法通常适用于具有相对较低B/W比（在2:1到10:1的范围内）的吊杆。浮力较大的浮筒也可以通过这种方式进行测试。 使用计算方法来估计浮力大于10:1的吊杆的吊杆位移是可以接受的，因为这样做的潜在误差对性能的影响较小。 4.4 在评估泄漏响应吊杆的B/W比时，必须考虑吊杆的固有特性，这些特性可能会影响使用时的净B/W比。这些考虑因素包括但不限于将流体吸收到浮选材料中、在正常使用过程中磨损的膜以及水进入吊臂的部件中。 对于将其漂浮元件包含在附加膜内的起重臂，水进入起重臂部件尤其令人担忧。 （对于许多使用滚动泡沫浮选和相对较轻的吊杆膜材料的吊杆来说，情况就是这样。）对于具有包围电缆或链条张紧构件或压载物的凹槽的吊杆来说也很重要。当是新的时，膜外壳可能包含空气，这将导致浮力增加。在正常使用中，膜材料可能很容易磨损，从而使其不再含有空气，并且在磨损位置允许水进入。对于此类吊臂，薄膜外壳不应被视为吊臂漂浮的一部分，并且应故意刺破薄膜，以允许水在试验过程中进入。

1.1 This guide describes a practical method for determining the buoyancy to weight (B/W) ratio of oil spill containment booms. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This guide describes a method of determining the buoyancy to weight ratio of spill response booms. The principle is based on Archimedes Law, which states that a body either wholly or partially immersed in a fluid will experience an upward force equal and opposite to the weight of the fluid displaced by it. 4.2 Unless otherwise specified, when used in this guide, the term buoyancy to weight ratio (B/W ratio) refers to the gross buoyancy to weight ratio. Buoyancy is an indicator of a spill response boom’s ability to follow the water surface when exposed to current forces, fouling due to microbial growth (which adds weight), and wave conditions. Surface conditions other than quiescent will have an adverse effect on collection or containment performance. When waves are present, conformance to the surface is essential to prevent losses. Minimum buoyancy to weight ratios for oil spill containment booms are specified in Guide F1523 for various environmental conditions. 4.3 This guide provides the methodology necessary to determine the buoyancy to weight ratio using a fluid displacement method. This method is typically applied to booms having relatively low B/W ratios (in the range of 2:1 to 10:1). Booms with greater buoyancies may also be tested in this manner. It is acceptable to use calculation methods to estimate boom displacement for booms with buoyancies greater than 10:1, where the potential error in doing so would have a less significant effect on performance. 4.4 When evaluating the B/W ratio of a spill response boom, consideration must be given to the inherent properties of the boom that may affect the net B/W ratio while in use. These considerations include, but are not limited to, absorption of fluids into flotation materials, membranes that are abraded during normal use, and entry of water into components of the boom. The entry of water into boom components is of particular concern with booms that contain their flotation element within an additional membrane. (This is the case for many booms that use rolled-foam flotation and relatively lightweight material for the boom membrane.) It is also important for booms that have pockets that enclose cable or chain tension members or ballast. When new, the membrane enclosure may contain air that would result in increased buoyancy. In normal use, the membrane material may be easily abraded such that it would no longer contain air, and water would be allowed in at abrasion locations. For such booms, the membrane enclosure shall not be considered as part of the flotation of the boom, and the membrane shall be intentionally punctured to allow water to enter during the test procedure.