1.1 本标准涵盖使用测斜仪监测地面内部移动或地下结构的横向移动。本标准涵盖仪器类型、安装程序、操作程序和维护要求。本标准还提供了数据简化公式。 1.2 所有观察值和计算值应符合实践中确定的有效数字和舍入准则 D6026 除非被本标准取代。 1.2.1 本标准中用于规定如何收集、记录或计算数据的程序被视为行业标准。此外，它们代表了通常应保留的有效数字。 使用的程序不考虑材料变化、获取数据的目的、特殊目的研究或用户目标的任何考虑因素；通常的做法是增加或减少报告数据的有效位数，以与这些考虑因素相称。考虑工程设计分析方法中使用的有效数字超出了本标准的范围。 1.3 单位- 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。括号中的英寸-磅单位仅供参考。以国际单位制以外的单位报告试验结果不应视为不符合本标准。 1.4 本标准提供了有组织的信息收集或一系列选项，并不推荐具体的行动方案。 本文件不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断一起使用。并非本标准的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM标准不代表或取代必须根据其判断给定专业服务的充分性的谨慎标准，也不应在不考虑项目的许多独特方面的情况下应用本文件。本文件标题中的“标准”一词仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序获得批准。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 测斜仪是一种变形监测系统，使用沟槽管或套管，其内部纵向沟槽与预期移动方向对齐，安装在土壤/岩体或岩土结构元件中。测斜仪套管可以用一个横向探头或一个in阵列进行测量- 将测斜仪（IPI）仪表连接至数据记录器。垂直于测斜仪外壳轴的变形测量和计算是通过沿着管道长度通过探头或放置传感器阵列来完成的，传感器阵列由内部凹槽引导。探头或传感器阵列测量管道的倾斜度，通常在两个正交方向上（X和Y方向）相对于套管轴（Z方向，通常为重力线）相距90°。使用三角函数将测量值转换为距离。与初始测量相比，连续测量给出了位置差异，并指示垂直于测斜仪套管轴的变形。 在大多数情况下，测斜仪套管安装在接近垂直的孔中，测量结果表明地下水平变形。在某些情况下，测斜仪外壳水平安装，测量结果表明垂直变形。 4.2 测斜仪也称为坡度测斜仪或坡度指示器。典型应用包括测量滑坡移动的速度和方向，定位剪切带，监测路堤和开挖的水平移动幅度和速度，监测储罐和路堤下方的沉降和横向扩展，以及监测舱壁、桩或结构墙的挠度。 注1: 本标准的精度取决于执行本标准的人员的能力以及所用设备和设施的适用性。符合实践标准的机构 D3740 通常认为能够胜任和客观测试。本标准的用户应注意遵守惯例 D3740 本身不能确保可靠的结果。可靠的测试取决于许多因素；实践 D3740 提供了一种评估其中一些因素的方法。

1.1 This standard covers the use of inclinometers to monitor the internal movement of ground, or lateral movement of subsurface structures. The standard covers types of instruments, installation procedures, operating procedures, and maintenance requirements. The standard also provides formulae for data reduction. 1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 unless superseded by this standard. 1.2.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected, recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design. 1.3 Units— The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. 1.4 This standard offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this standard may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 An inclinometer is a deformation monitoring system, which uses a grooved pipe or casing with internal longitudinal grooves aligned with the anticipated direction of movement, installed in either a soil/rock mass or a geotechnical structural element. The inclinometer casing can be surveyed with a single traversing probe or with an array of in-place inclinometer (IPI) gauges connected to a data logger. The measurement and calculation of deformation normal to the axis of the inclinometer casing is done by passing a probe along the length of this pipe or placement of a sensor array, guided by the internal grooves. The probe or sensor array measures the inclination of the pipe, usually in two orthogonal directions 90° apart (X- and Y-direction) with respect to the axis of the casing (Z-direction, usually the line of gravity). Measurements are converted to distances using trigonometric functions. Successive surveys compared with an initial survey give differences in position and indicate deformation normal to the axis of the inclinometer casing. In most cases the inclinometer casing is installed in a near-vertical hole, and the measurements indicate subsurface horizontal deformation. In some cases, the inclinometer casing is installed horizontally, and the measurements indicate vertical deformation. 4.2 Inclinometers are also called slope inclinometers or slope indicators. Typical applications include measuring the rate and direction of landslide movement and locating the zone of shearing, monitoring the magnitude and rate of horizontal movements for embankments and excavations, monitoring the settlement and lateral spread beneath tanks and embankments, and monitoring the deflection of bulkheads, piles or structural walls. Note 1: The precision of this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.