1.1本试验方法涵盖了一种发动机试验程序，用于测量汽车发动机油对车辆总重不超过3856 kg的乘用车和轻型卡车燃油经济性的影响。在测功机试验台上，使用排量为3.6升的指定火花点火发动机（通用汽车）进行试验。它适用于这些应用中使用的多粘度等级油。 1.2以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.2.1 例外情况 — 没有直接等效物，如螺纹单位、国家管道螺纹/直径、管道尺寸和单源供应设备规范。 此外，制动油耗（BSFC）的测量单位为千克/千瓦时。 1.3 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.4本试验方法安排如下: 主题 部分 介绍 范围 1. 参考文件 2. 术语 3. 试验方法总结 4. 意义和用途 5. 仪器 6. 全体的 6.1 测试发动机配置 6.2 实验室环境条件 6.3 发动机转速和扭矩控制 6.4 测功机 6.4.1 测功机扭矩 6.4.2 发动机冷却系统 6.5 外部油系统 6.6 燃油系统 6.7 燃油流量测量 6.7.2 燃油温度和压力控制 流量计 6.7.3 发动机燃油分供管的燃油温度和压力控制 6.7.4 燃油供应泵 6.7.5 燃油过滤 6.7.6 发动机进气供应 6.8 进气湿度 6.8.1 进气过滤 6.8.2 进气压力释放 6.8.3 温度测量 6.9 热电偶位置 6.9.5 AFR测定 6.10 排气和排气背压系统 6.11 排气歧管 6.11.1 实验室排气系统 6.11.2 排气背压 6.11.3 压力测量和压力传感器位置 6.12 发动机机油 6.12.2 燃料流量计 6.12.3 至发动机燃油分供管的燃油 6.12.4 排气背压 6.12.5 进气 6.12.6 进气歧管真空/绝对压力 6.12.7 冷却液流量压差 6.12.8 曲轴箱压力 6.12.9 发动机硬件和相关设备 6.13 测试发动机配置 6.13.1 ECU（电源控制模块） 6.13.2 节温器挡块转接板 6.13.3 接线线束 6.13.4 油底壳 6.13.5 发动机水泵转接板 6.13.6 恒温器挡块 6.13.7 机油滤清器转接板 6.13.8 改进的节气门体总成 6.13.9 燃油分供管 6.13.10 与发动机操作相关的其他设备 6.14 试剂和材料 7. 发动机机油 7.1 试验燃料 7.2 发动机冷却液 7.3 清洁材料 7.4 仪器的准备 8. 试验台准备 8.2 发动机准备 9 清洁发动机零件 9.3 发动机装配程序 9.4 总装配说明 9.4.1 螺栓扭矩规格 9.4.2 密封化合物 9.4.3 谐波平衡器 9.4.5 恒温器 9.4.6 冷却液进口 9.4.7 机油滤清器适配器 9.4.8 油尺管 9.4.9 传感器、开关、阀门和定位器 ’ s 9.4.10 点火系统 9.4.11 燃油喷射系统 9.4.12 进气系统 9.4.13 发动机管理系统 9.4.14 附件驱动装置 9.4.15 排气歧管 9.4.16 发动机飞轮和护罩 9.4.17 组装发动机的起吊 9.4.18 引擎支架 9.4.19 非相位凸轮轴齿轮 9.4.20 内部冷却液孔 9.4.21 标定 10 支架/发动机校准 10.1 程序 10.1.1 参考结果报告 10.1.2 参考/校准油的分析 10.1.3 仪器校准 10.2 发动机扭矩测量系统 10.2.3 燃油流量测量系统 10.2.4 冷却剂流量测量系统 10.2.5 热电偶和温度测量系统 10.2.6 湿度测量系统 10.2.7 其他仪表 10.2.8 试验程序 11 外部油系统 11.1 冲洗效果演示 11.2 加油准备 11.3 初始发动机启动 11.4 新发动机故障- 在里面 11.5 磨合加油 11.5.2 磨合操作条件 11.5.3 磨合的标准要求 11.5.4 常规测试操作 11.6 启动和关闭程序 11.6.1 飞行冲洗换油程序 11.6.2 测试操作阶段 11.6.3 稳定到阶段条件 11.6.4 稳定的BSFC测量周期 11.6.5 试运行1前BLB1油冲洗程序 11.6.6 测试油前BLB1油的BSFC测量 11.6.7 测试油运行2前BLB2 BL油冲洗程序 11.6.8 测试油前BLB2油的BSFC测量 11.6.9 BLB1与BLB2的百分比增量计算 11.6.10 试验油冲洗程序 11.6.11 试验油老化，第一阶段 11.6.12 老化（一期）试验油的BSFC测量 11.6.13 试验油老化，第二阶段 11.6.14 老化（二期）试验油的BSFC测量 11.6.15 油耗和取样 11.6.16 测试油后BL油（BLA）的冲洗程序 11.6.17 通用测试数据记录表 11.6.18 诊断审查程序 11.6.19 测试结果的确定 12 最终测试报告 13 精度和偏差 15 关键词 16 附件 ASTM测试监测中心和 校准程序 附件A1 仪器的详细规格和图纸 附件A2 油加热器Cerrobase加注程序 附件A3 发动机零件号清单 附件A4 安全注意事项 附件A5 报告格式 附录A6 均值和标准差的统计方程 附件A7 油底壳满液位测定消耗 测量校准程序 附录A8 喷油器评估 附录A9 测试前维护检查表 附件A10 窜气通风系统要求 附录A11 测试结果的计算 附录A12 未加权基线偏移的计算 附录A13 不 – 相位凸轮齿轮和位置执行器安装程序 附录A14 附录 测试材料的采购 附录X1 ====意义和用途====== 试验方法 — 使用本试验方法获得的数据提供了可重复实验室条件下汽车发动机油节油能力的比较指数。 已为该测试建立了BL，以提供一个可与所有其他油进行比较的标准。BL油是一种SAE 20W-30级全配方润滑剂。在没有充分复制的情况下，测试程序的设计不是为了精确估计两种测试油之间的差异。开发了测试方法，以比较测试油和BL油。最新版本的规范中讨论了用于根据规范要求评估发动机机油性能的配套测试方法 D4485 . 使用 — 顺序VID测试方法有助于发动机机油燃油经济性规范的验收。它用于发动机润滑油的规格和分类，例如: 规格 D4485 . API 1509。 SAE J304级。 SAE分类J1423。

1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for the measurement of the effects of automotive engine oils on the fuel economy of passenger cars and light-duty trucks with gross vehicle weight 3856 kg or less. The tests are conducted using a specified spark-ignition engine with a displacement of 3.6 L (General Motors) on a dynamometer test stand. It applies to multi viscosity grade oils used in these applications. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions — Where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source supply equipment specifications. Additionally, Brake Fuel Consumption (BSFC) is measured in kilograms per kilowatthour. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This test method is arranged as follows: Subject Section Introduction Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Summary of Test Method 4 Significance and Use 5 Apparatus 6 General 6.1 Test Engine Configuration 6.2 Laboratory Ambient Conditions 6.3 Engine Speed and Torque Control 6.4 Dynamometer 6.4.1 Dynamometer Torque 6.4.2 Engine Cooling System 6.5 External Oil System 6.6 Fuel System 6.7 Fuel Flow Measurement 6.7.2 Fuel Temperature and Pressure Control to the Fuel Flowmeter 6.7.3 Fuel Temperature and Pressure Control to Engine Fuel Rail 6.7.4 Fuel Supply Pumps 6.7.5 Fuel Filtering 6.7.6 Engine Intake Air Supply 6.8 Intake Air Humidity 6.8.1 Intake Air Filtration 6.8.2 Intake Air Pressure Relief 6.8.3 Temperature Measurement 6.9 Thermocouple Location 6.9.5 AFR Determination 6.10 Exhaust and Exhaust Back Pressure Systems 6.11 Exhaust Manifolds 6.11.1 Laboratory Exhaust System 6.11.2 Exhaust Back Pressure 6.11.3 Pressure Measurement and Pressure Sensor Locations 6.12 Engine Oil 6.12.2 Fuel to Fuel Flowmeter 6.12.3 Fuel to Engine Fuel Rail 6.12.4 Exhaust Back Pressure 6.12.5 Intake Air 6.12.6 Intake Manifold Vacuum/Absolute Pressure 6.12.7 Coolant Flow Differential Pressure 6.12.8 Crankcase Pressure 6.12.9 Engine Hardware and Related Apparatus 6.13 Test Engine Configuration 6.13.1 ECU (Power Control Module) 6.13.2 Thermostat Block-Off Adapter Plate 6.13.3 Wiring Harness 6.13.4 Oil Pan 6.13.5 Engine Water Pump Adapter Plate 6.13.6 Thermostat Block-Off Plate 6.13.7 Oil Filter Adapter Plate 6.13.8 Modified Throttle Body Assembly 6.13.9 Fuel Rail 6.13.10 Miscellaneous Apparatus Related to Engine Operation 6.14 Reagents and Materials 7 Engine Oil 7.1 Test Fuel 7.2 Engine Coolant 7.3 Cleaning Materials 7.4 Preparation of Apparatus 8 Test Stand Preparation 8.2 Engine Preparation 9 Cleaning of Engine Parts 9.3 Engine Assembly Procedure 9.4 General Assembly Instructions 9.4.1 Bolt Torque Specifications 9.4.2 Sealing Compounds 9.4.3 Harmonic Balancer 9.4.5 Thermostat 9.4.6 Coolant Inlet 9.4.7 Oil Filter Adapter 9.4.8 Dipstick Tube 9.4.9 Sensors, Switches, Valves, and Positioner ’ s 9.4.10 Ignition System 9.4.11 Fuel Injection System 9.4.12 Intake Air System 9.4.13 Engine Management System 9.4.14 Accessory Drive Units 9.4.15 Exhaust Manifolds 9.4.16 Engine Flywheel and Guards 9.4.17 Lifting of Assembled Engines 9.4.18 Engine Mounts 9.4.19 Non-Phased Camshaft Gears 9.4.20 Internal Coolant Orifice 9.4.21 Calibration 10 Stand/Engine Calibration 10.1 Procedure 10.1.1 Reporting of Reference Results 10.1.2 Analysis of Reference/Calibration Oils 10.1.3 Instrument Calibration 10.2 Engine Torque Measurement System 10.2.3 Fuel Flow Measurement System 10.2.4 Coolant Flow Measurement System 10.2.5 Thermocouple and Temperature Measurement System 10.2.6 Humidity Measurement System 10.2.7 Other Instrumentation 10.2.8 Test Procedure 11 External Oil System 11.1 Flush Effectiveness Demonstration 11.2 Preparation for Oil Charge 11.3 Initial Engine Start-Up 11.4 New Engine Break-In 11.5 Oil Charge for Break-In 11.5.2 Break-In Operating Conditions 11.5.3 Standard Requirements for Break-In 11.5.4 Routine Test Operation 11.6 Start-Up and Shutdown Procedures 11.6.1 Flying Flush Oil Exchange Procedures 11.6.2 Test Operating Stages 11.6.3 Stabilization to Stage Conditions 11.6.4 Stabilized BSFC Measurement Cycle 11.6.5 BLB1 Oil Flush Procedure for BL Oil Before Test Run 1 11.6.6 BSFC Measurement of BLB1 Oil Before Test Oil 11.6.7 BLB2 Oil Flush Procedure for BL Oil Before Test Oil Run 2 11.6.8 BSFC Measurement of BLB2 Oil Before Test Oil 11.6.9 Percent Delta Calculation for BLB1 vs. BLB2 11.6.10 Test Oil Flush Procedure 11.6.11 Test Oil Aging, Phase I 11.6.12 BSFC Measurement of Aged (Phase I) Test Oil 11.6.13 Test Oil Aging, Phase II 11.6.14 BSFC Measurement of Aged (Phase II) Test Oil 11.6.15 Oil Consumption and Sampling 11.6.16 Flush Procedure for BL Oil (BLA) After Test Oil 11.6.17 General Test Data Logging Forms 11.6.18 Diagnostic Review Procedures 11.6.19 Determination of Test Results 12 Final Test Report 13 Precision and Bias 15 Keywords 16 Annexes The Role of the ASTM Test Monitoring Center and the Calibration Program Annex A1 Detailed Specifications and Drawings of Apparatus Annex A2 Oil Heater Cerrobase Refill Procedure Annex A3 Engine Part Number Listing Annex A4 Safety Precautions Annex A5 Report Format Annex A6 Statistical Equations for Mean and Standard Deviations Annex A7 Oil Sump Full Level Determination Consumption Measurement Calibration Procedure Annex A8 Fuel Injector Evaluation Annex A9 Pre-test Maintenance Checklist Annex A10 Blow-by Ventilation System Requirements Annex A11 Calculation of Test Results Annex A12 Calculation of Unweighted Baseline Shift Annex A13 Non – Phased Cam Gear and Position Actuator Installation Procedure Annex A14 Appendix Procurement of Test Materials Appendix X1 ====== Significance And Use ====== Test Method — The data obtained from the use of this test method provide a comparative index of the fuel-saving capabilities of automotive engine oils under repeatable laboratory conditions. A BL has been established for this test to provide a standard against which all other oils can be compared. The BL oil is an SAE 20W-30 grade fully formulated lubricant. The test procedure was not designed to give a precise estimate of the difference between two test oils without adequate replication. The test method was developed to compare the test oil to the BL oil. Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in the latest revision of Specification D4485 . Use — The Sequence VID test method is useful for engine oil fuel economy specification acceptance. It is used in specifications and classifications of engine lubricating oils, such as the following: Specification D4485 . API 1509. SAE Classification J304. SAE Classification J1423.