1.1 本实施例描述了实验室使用对照样品测试结果数据估计测试结果不确定度的技术。本实施规程为实验室提供了一种根据第A22.3节估算测量不确定度的方法 ASTM标准的形式和样式 . 1.2 本规范定义的不确定性适用于单个实验室的能力。通过使用本规范确定的任何不确定度估计值仅适用于提供数据的单个实验室。 1.3 实验室使用明确定义和建立的测试方法来确定一系列测试结果。使用本惯例估计的不确定度仅适用于遵循相同测试方法的情况。不确定度仅适用于对照样品所代表的材料类型，可能需要多个对照样品，特别是如果该方法对于不同的样品类型或响应水平具有不同的精密度。1.4 本惯例确定的不确定度估计值代表测试结果的中间精密度。该估计试图使用单一已建立的测试方法量化单个实验室内预期的总变异，同时纳入尽可能多的已知变异来源。 1.5 这种做法没有建立归因于可能影响不确定性的单个因素的误差估计（误差预算）。 1.6 本实践描述了使用控制图来评估所获得的数据，并提出了一种特殊类型的控制图来监控不确定性的估计。 1.7 本标准未规定单位制。标准中的尺寸量仅作为计算方法的说明。这些实施例对处理的产品或测试方法没有约束力。1.8 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全性问题（如果有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践并确定法规限制的适用性。 1.9 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ======意义和用途====== 4.1 本实践为实验室提供了一种方法来开发基于数据的A类不确定度估计，如第A22节所述 ASTM标准的形式和样式 . 4.2 根据ISO/IEC 17025认证的实验室需要提供其测试结果的不确定度估计。本规范提供了使用测试结果为单个实验室开发不确定度估计的程序。 4.3 通常，这些测试结果将来自被称为对照或检查样品的稳定且均匀材料的单个样品。 4.4 被测量的对照样品的特性的真实值通常是未知的。然而，如果对照样品是参考材料，也可以使用该方法，在这种情况下，也可以估计测试方法偏差并将其纳入不确定度估计中。许多测试方法没有真正的参考材料来提供可追溯的不确定性估计链。4.5 这种做法还允许对实验室不确定性进行持续监测。随着对不确定度水平的估计值的变化，可能随着对不确定度的贡献被识别和最小化，对实验室不确定度的修订将是可能的。

1.1 This practice describes techniques for a laboratory to estimate the uncertainty of a test result using data from test results on a control sample. This practice provides one method for a laboratory to estimate Measurement Uncertainty in accordance with Section A22.3 in Form and Style for ASTM Standards . 1.2 Uncertainty as defined by this practice applies to the capabilities of a single laboratory. Any estimate of uncertainty determined through the use of this practice applies only to the individual laboratory for which the data are presented. 1.3 The laboratory uses a well defined and established test method in determining a series of test results. The uncertainty estimated using this practice only applies when the same test method is followed. The uncertainty only applies for the material types represented by the control samples, and multiple control samples may be needed, especially if the method has different precision for different sample types or response levels. 1.4 The uncertainty estimate determined by this practice represents the intermediate precision of test results. This estimate seeks to quantify the total variation expected within a single laboratory using a single established test method while incorporating as many known sources of variation as possible. 1.5 This practice does not establish error estimates (error budget) attributed to individual factors that could influence uncertainty. 1.6 This practice describes the use of control charts to evaluate the data obtained and presents a special type of control chart to monitor the estimate of uncertainty. 1.7 The system of units for this standard is not specified. Dimensional quantities in the standard are presented only as illustrations of calculation methods. The examples are not binding on products or test methods treated. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This practice provides one way for a laboratory to develop data-based Type A estimates of uncertainty as referred to in Section A22 in Form and Style for ASTM Standards . 4.2 Laboratories accredited under ISO/IEC 17025 are required to present uncertainty estimates for their test results. This practice provides procedures that use test results to develop uncertainty estimates for an individual laboratory. 4.3 Generally, these test results will be from a single sample of stable and homogeneous material known as a control or check sample. 4.4 The true value of the characteristic(s) of the control sample being measured will ordinarily be unknown. However, this methodology may also be used if the control sample is a reference material, in which case the test method bias may also be estimated and incorporated into the uncertainty estimate. Many test methods do not have true reference materials available to provide traceable chains of uncertainty estimation. 4.5 This practice also allows for ongoing monitoring of the laboratory uncertainty. As estimates of the level of uncertainty change, possibly as contributions to uncertainty are identified and minimized, revision to the laboratory uncertainty will be possible.