1.1 残余应力测定: 1.1.1 本试验方法规定了一种钻孔程序，用于测定各向同性线弹性材料表面附近的平面内残余应力。它适用于应力沿钻孔直径变化不大的残余应力测定。测量应力是钻孔深度内存在的平面内残余应力。应力敏感性随着测量表面的深度而迅速降低，无法评估深层内应力。 如果测量的残余应力在孔深度内保持近似恒定，则将其描述为“均匀”，如果差异很大，则描述为“非均匀”。 1.1.2 通常使用“盲孔”，其中钻孔的深度以及残余应力评估的深度小于工件厚度。然而，对于薄工件，也可以使用通孔进行均匀（膜）应力的穿透厚度测量。 1.2 应力测量范围: 1.2.1 本试验方法适用于材料行为为线性的情况- 有弹力的当存在接近屈服的残余应力时，由于钻孔周围的应力集中，可能发生局部屈服。如果残余应力不超过约80，则可以获得满意的测量结果 % 盲孔钻孔材料屈服应力的 % 钻孔材料屈服应力。 1.3 工件损坏: 1.3.1 钻孔方法通常被描述为“半破坏性”，因为它引起的损伤是局部的，并且通常不会显著影响工件的有用性。 相比之下，大多数用于测量残余应力的其他机械方法实质上会破坏工件。由于钻孔确实会造成一些损坏，因此该测试方法应仅适用于工件可消耗的情况，或者引入小浅孔不会显著影响工件的有用性的情况。 1.4 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 总结: 5.1.1 几乎所有材料中都存在残余应力。它们可以在材料的制造或使用寿命期间创建。残余应力可能是材料失效的一个主要因素，尤其是承受交变工作载荷或腐蚀环境的材料。 残余应力也可能有益，例如，喷丸产生的压应力。钻孔应变计技术是一种测定残余应力的实用通用方法。

1.1 Residual Stress Determination: 1.1.1 This test method specifies a hole-drilling procedure for determining in-plane residual stresses near the surface of an isotropic linearly elastic material. It is applicable to residual stress determinations where the stresses do not vary significantly across the diameter of the drilled hole. The measured stresses are the in-plane residual stresses that exist within the depth of the drilled hole. Stress sensitivity rapidly decreases with depth from the measured surface and deep interior stresses cannot be evaluated. The measured residual stresses are described as “uniform” if they remain approximately constant within the hole depth, “non-unifom” if they vary significantly. 1.1.2 In general, “blind” holes are used, where the depth of the drilled hole and therefore the depth of the residual stress evaluation is less than the workpiece thickness. However, for a thin workpiece, it is also possible to do through-thickness measurements of uniform (membrane) stresses using a through-hole. 1.2 Stress Measurement Range: 1.2.1 This test method applies in cases where material behavior is linear-elastic. When near-yeild residual stresses are present, it is possible for local yielding to occur due to the stress concentration around the drilled hole. Satisfactory measurement results can be achieved providing the residual stresses do not exceed about 80 % of the material yield stress for blind-hole drilling and about 50 % of the material yield stress for through-hole drilling. 1.3 Workpiece Damage: 1.3.1 The hole-drilling method is often described as “semi-destructive” because the damage that it causes is localized and often does not significantly affect the usefulness of the workpiece. In contrast, most other mechanical methods for measuring residual stresses substantially destroy the workpiece. Since hole drilling does cause some damage, this test method should be applied only in those cases either where the workpiece is expendable, or where the introduction of a small shallow hole will not significantly affect the usefulness of the workpiece. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Summary: 5.1.1 Residual stresses are present in almost all materials. They can be created during the manufacture or during the life of the material. Residual stresses can be a major factor in the failure of a material, particularly one subjected to alternating service loads or corrosive environments. Residual stress may also be beneficial, for example, the compressive stresses produced by shot peening. The hole-drilling strain-gage technique is a practical general-purpose method for determining residual stresses.