1.1 这些测试方法包括通过测试小的透明样品来测定木材的各种强度和相关特性。 1.1.1 这些试验方法代表了评估不同机械和物理性能、控制因素（如试样尺寸、含水量、温度和加载速率）的程序。 1.1.2 在实践中讨论了材料的取样和收集 D5536 . 纳入了样本数据、计算表和卡片，有助于研究人员将记录系统化。 1.1.3 以英寸-磅为单位的数值应视为标准值。括号中给出的值是到国际单位制的数学转换，仅供参考，不被视为标准值。当规定重量时，引用基本英寸-磅重量单位（lbf）和基本国际单位制质量单位（Kg）。 1.2 各种测试的程序按以下顺序出现: 小节 样本照片 5. 含水量和温度的控制 6. 心材和边材记录 7. 静态弯曲 8. 平行于纹理的压缩 9 冲击弯曲 10 韧性 11 垂直于晶粒的压缩 12 硬度 13 平行于晶粒的剪切 14 乳沟 15 平行于晶粒的张力 16 垂直于晶粒的张力 17 拔指甲 18 比重和体积收缩率 19 径向和切向收缩 20 水分测定 21 允许偏差 22 标定 23 1.3 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 这些试验方法包括对小的透明木材样本的试验，这些木材样本的制作可提供以下内容: 4.1.1 比较各种材料力学性能的数据， 4.1.2 建立正确强度函数的数据，该函数与结构尺寸木材的测试结果相结合（见测试方法 D198 和试验方法 D4761 )，为确定容许应力提供了依据，以及 4.1.3 用于确定密度、生长位置、横截面位置、树木中木材高度、调味品或化学品处理的性质变化以及边材到心材的变化等因素对力学性质的影响的数据。

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of various strength and related properties of wood by testing small clear specimens. 1.1.1 These test methods represent procedures for evaluating the different mechanical and physical properties, controlling factors such as specimen size, moisture content, temperature, and rate of loading. 1.1.2 Sampling and collection of material is discussed in Practice D5536 . Sample data, computation sheets, and cards have been incorporated, which were of assistance to the investigator in systematizing records. 1.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. When a weight is prescribed, the basic inch-pound unit of weight (lbf) and the basic SI unit of mass (Kg) are cited. 1.2 The procedures for the various tests appear in the following order: Sections Photographs of Specimens 5 Control of Moisture Content and Temperature 6 Record of Heartwood and Sapwood 7 Static Bending 8 Compression Parallel to Grain 9 Impact Bending 10 Toughness 11 Compression Perpendicular to Grain 12 Hardness 13 Shear Parallel to Grain 14 Cleavage 15 Tension Parallel to Grain 16 Tension Perpendicular to Grain 17 Nail Withdrawal 18 Specific Gravity and Shrinkage in Volume 19 Radial and Tangential Shrinkage 20 Moisture Determination 21 Permissible Variations 22 Calibration 23 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 These test methods cover tests on small clear specimens of wood that are made to provide the following: 4.1.1 Data for comparing the mechanical properties of various species, 4.1.2 Data for the establishment of correct strength functions, which in conjunction with results of tests of timbers in structural sizes (see Test Methods D198 and Test Methods D4761 ), afford a basis for establishing allowable stresses, and 4.1.3 Data to determine the influence on the mechanical properties of such factors as density, locality of growth, position in cross section, height of timber in the tree, change of properties with seasoning or treatment with chemicals, and change from sapwood to heartwood.