本幻灯片概述了有关低压反渗透（LPRO）和纳滤（NF）膜是否被视为“商品”的主题。本主题的基础包括以下几点: LPRO和NF膜通常由 业主和顾问为“商品项目”； 大多数LPRO和NF膜现在通过 直接资本成本投标； 评估投标在过去更为常见（1980年代）； 可能是重要的操作参数 （给水压力和酸使用）差异 在不同制造商之间和内部； 行业是否应该关注评估后的投标 再一次 分析的一般基础包括以下主题: 假设三种原水水质- 佛罗里达州中等硬度的地下水， 俄亥俄州非常坚硬的地下水， 佛罗里达中度微咸地下水； 三家膜供应商向市政 集市制造商专用膜 性能预测软件； 苹果对苹果尽可能多； 每个项目的典型设计标准 应用 按1.0 mgd计算；和 只有给水压力和酸 考虑过的。 涵盖的主题包括:原水来源的描述； 成本开发； 当代价值分析；和 膜的价格差异。包括桌子。

This slide presentation outlines a topics concerning whether low pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes are considered "commodity items". The Basis of Topic includes these points: LPRO and NF membranes commonly viewed by owners and consultants as "commodity items"; most LPRO and NF membranes now procured via straight capital cost bid; evaluated bids more common in the past (1980s); can be significant operational parameters (feedwater pressure and acid use) differences between and within the various manufacturers; should industry be looking at evaluated bids again? The General Basis of Analysis includes these topics: three raw water qualities assumed - Florida Moderately Hard Groundwater, Ohio Very Hard Groundwater, Florida Moderately Brackish Groundwater; three suppliers of membranes to municipal market; manufacturer-specific membrane performance projection software; apples to apples as much as possible; typical design criteria for each application; on per 1.0 mgd basis; and, only feedwater pressure and acid considered. Topics covered include: Descriptions of Raw Water Sources; Cost Development; Present Worth Analysis; and, Membrane Price Differentials. Includes tables.