本文介绍了一种利用哈森-威廉姆斯方程和等效管道长度（或小损失系数）精确确定喷头、消防栓和节流孔的水头损失和流量的简单方法。所提出的方法提供了一种简单的方法来计算喷水器或节流孔的流量，使用不明确考虑喷头和孔口的管网模型。本文的前半部分描述了如何计算来自喷头的流量，而第二部分描述了如何计算来自消防栓和其他节流孔的流量，在这些节流孔中，速度水头效应可能非常显著。

This paper presents a simple approach using the Hazen-Williams equation and an equivalent pipe length (or minor loss coefficient) to accurately determine head loss and discharge from sprinklers, hydrants and orifices. The method presented provides an easy way to calculate discharge from a sprinkler or orifice using a pipe network model which does not explicitly consider sprinklers and orifices. The first half of the paper describes how to calculate flow from sprinklers while the second describes how to calculate flow from hydrants and other orifices where velocity head effects can be significant.