据了解，饮用水分配系统中存在的铁和锰降低了水的美学质量。当溶解的铁和锰被氧化时，它们会形成不溶性化合物，沉淀并导致黄棕色到红棕色到黑色的着色，这取决于每种金属的相对丰度。为了提高饮用水的美学质量，美国环境保护局（USEPA）国家二级饮用水法规建议铁和锰的最高浓度分别为0.3 mg/L和0.05 mg/L。在过去的十年中，微滤和超滤（MF/UF）膜已被广泛接受为常规饮用水处理技术（如混凝、沉淀和砂滤）的可行替代品。在过去几年中，成本和可靠性的不断提高，加上对隐孢子虫等病原体的日益关注，使得MF/UF膜成为新工厂传统技术的首选替代品。 ZeeWeed（R）超滤膜系统可以去除尺寸大于0.1微米的颗粒，包括铁和锰沉淀。为了去除溶解的铁和锰，在膜之前加入一个氧化步骤，将溶解的物质转化为不溶的形式。氧化可通过曝气或添加氧化化学物质，如氯、二氧化氯或高锰酸钾来实现。该技术已通过使用前三代ZeeWeed（R）500系列浸没式膜系统进行的大量试验研究，以及加拿大新不伦瑞克省自1996年开始运行的一座全尺寸工厂的运行得到了验证。ZeeWeed（R）500c组件是最近开发的，用于改善膜纤维束内的空气分布，从而在渗透过程中保持或减少滤饼层的厚度。 500c模块的改进设计还允许维持更高的通量。ZeeWeed（R）500c系统中使用的超滤膜与之前的超滤膜具有相同的膜化学性质和绝对孔径，因此也可以去除悬浮固体、原生动物、细菌和大多数病毒。ZeeWeed（R）500c膜还可以与预氧化步骤结合，以去除溶解的铁和锰。最近已经完成了中试研究，以证明ZeeWeed（R）500c浸入式膜系统的除铁和除锰能力。本文介绍了浸入式超滤膜在氧化除铁除锰中的应用。具体而言，它提供了ZeeWeed（R）500c UF系统的中试规模数据，评估了不同操作参数对地表水和地下水中铁和锰去除的影响。包括4个参考文献、表格、图表。

It is understood that the presence of iron and manganese in drinking water distribution systems reduces the aesthetic quality of the water. When dissolved iron and manganese are oxidized, they form insoluble compounds that precipitate and cause yellowish to reddish-brown to black staining, depending on the relative abundance of each metal. In order to improve the aesthetic quality of drinking water, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations suggest maximum concentrations of 0.3 mg/L and 0.05 mg/L for iron and manganese, respectively. During the last decade, microfiltration and ultrafiltration (MF/UF) membranes have become widely accepted as a viable alternative to conventional drinking water treatment technologies such as coagulation, settling and sand filtration. Over the past few years, continuous advances in cost and reliability, coupled with an increasing concern about pathogens such as Cryptosporidium have made MF/UF membranes the preferred alternative to conventional technology for new plants. The ZeeWeed(R) Ultrafiltration Membrane system can remove particles that are greater than 0.1 microns in size, including iron and manganese precipitates. For the removal of dissolved iron and manganese, an oxidation step is added prior to the membrane, which converts the dissolved species into their insoluble forms. Oxidation may be achieved by aeration or by the addition of oxidizing chemicals such as chlorine, chlorine dioxide or potassium permanganate. This technology has been proven through numerous pilot studies using the first three generations of ZeeWeed(R) 500 series immersed membrane systems, as well as the operation of a full-scale plant in New Brunswick, Canada that has been operating since 1996. The ZeeWeed(R) 500c module was recently developed to improve the air distribution within the membrane fiber bundle such that the thickness of the cake layer could be maintained or reduced during permeation. The improved design of the 500c module also allows for higher fluxes to be sustained. The ultrafiltration membrane used in the ZeeWeed(R) 500c system has the same membrane chemistry and absolute pore size as its predecessors and therefore also removes suspended solids, protozoa, bacteria and most viruses. The ZeeWeed(R) 500c membrane can also be coupled with a pre-oxidation step to achieve the removal of dissolved iron and manganese. Pilot studies have recently been completed to demonstrate the iron and manganese removal capabilities of the ZeeWeed(R) 500c immersed membrane system. This paper presents the application of immersed ultrafiltration membranes using oxidation for iron and manganese removal. Specifically, it presents pilot scale data for the ZeeWeed(R) 500c UF system, evaluating the effects of different operating parameters on iron and manganese removal from surface waters and groundwaters. Includes 4 references, table, figures.