This document explains concepts and provides approaches to the following aspects of the production of reference materials (RMs):

—？the assessment of homogeneity;

—？the assessment of stability and the management of the risks associated with possible stability issues related to the properties of interest;

—？the characterization and value assignment of properties of an RM;

—？the evaluation of uncertainty for certified values;

—？the establishment of the metrological traceability of certified values.

The guidance given supports the implementation of ISO？17034. Other approaches can also be used as long as the requirements of ISO？17034 are fulfilled.

Brief guidance on the need for commutability assessment (6.11) is given in this document, but no technical details are provided. A brief introduction for the characterization of qualitative properties (9.6 to 9.8) is provided, together with brief guidance on sampling such materials for homogeneity tests (7.4.1.2). However, statistical methods for the assessment of the homogeneity and stability of RMs for qualitative properties are not covered. This document is also not applicable to multivariate quantities, such as spectral data.

NOTE？ISO 33406 gives more information on the production of RMs with one or more qualitative property values.