1.1 本试验方法涵盖在适当的预钻孔开放式试验腔内，在给定深度对土壤进行旁压试验。旁压试验是使用径向膨胀的圆柱探头在试验腔壁上进行的原位应力应变试验。为了获得可行的测试结果，必须尽量减少测试腔的干扰，使探针直径和测试腔之间的间隙最小。或者，当预钻孔不能提供可接受的测试腔时，可以将探头直接插入地面以形成测试腔。 1.2 该试验方法包括在粒状和粘性土壤中制备试验腔、插入探针和进行旁压试验的程序，但不包括岩石中的高压试验。要评估土壤质量，必须了解待测试土壤的类型( 1. )准备试验腔的方法( 2. )测试数据的解释，以及( 3. )测试结果的可接受性。 1.3 本试验方法不包括自钻式旁压仪，该旁压仪的孔由机械或喷射工具在探头空心内钻孔。本试验方法仅限于插入预钻孔或在某些情况下通过驱动或推动插入的旁压计类型。 1.4 提供了以下两种替代测试程序: 1.4.1 程序A- 等压力增量 1.4.2 程序B- 等体积增量 注1: 在岩石中或使用自钻式旁压仪进行的旁压试验遵循与本文所述类似的试验程序，但不属于本试验方法的范围。 注2: 还可以进行应变控制测试，从而以恒定速率增加探头体积，并测量相应的压力。 应变控制试验可能产生与本试验方法中所述程序不同的结果。 1.5 所有观察值和计算值应符合实践中确定的有效数字和舍入准则 D6026 . 1.6 本标准中用于规定如何收集/记录和计算数据的程序被视为行业标准。此外，它们代表了通常应保留的有效数字。使用的程序不考虑材料变化、获取数据的目的、特殊目的研究或用户目标的任何考虑因素；通常的做法是增加或减少报告数据的有效位数，以与这些考虑因素相称。考虑工程设计分析方法中使用的有效数字超出了本标准的范围。 1.7 本标准的文本引用了提供解释材料的注释和脚注。 这些注释和脚注（不包括表和图中的注释和脚注）不应视为本标准的要求。 1.8 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。本标准不包括其他计量单位。以国际单位制以外的单位报告试验结果不应视为不符合本试验方法。 1.9 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.10 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 该试验方法提供了原位土壤的径向应力应变响应。获得旁压模量和极限压力，用于岩土分析和基础设计。试验结果与土壤强度和刚度以及工程设计应用的相关性通常是经验性的，偏离本试验方法中描述的方法可能会产生不良影响。 注5: 与其他现场和实验室试验方法一样，用户应考虑该试验的结果是否适合预期设计用途。考虑因素可能包括测试是否直接测量强度或刚度、荷载方向、诱导应变水平、插入或钻孔干扰效应、土壤敏感性、土壤饱和度、排水效应和测试设备的稳健性等。 5.2 本试验方法的结果取决于试验腔和探头之间的间隙以及由试验腔准备和探头插入引起的地面干扰程度，在解释试验结果时应考虑所有这些因素。 这种扰动在极软粘土和极松散砂中尤为显著。干扰可能无法完全消除，但应尽量减少，以使预钻孔旁压计设计规则适用。 注6: 本标准产生的结果的质量取决于执行该标准的人员的能力，以及所用设备和设施的适用性。符合实践标准的机构 D3740 通常认为能够胜任和客观的测试/采样/检查等。本测试方法的用户应注意遵守实践 D3740 本身并不能保证可靠的结果。可靠的结果取决于许多因素；实践 D3740 提供了一种评估其中一些因素的方法。

1.1 This test method covers pressuremeter testing of soils at a given depth in the ground within a suitable prebored, open test cavity. The pressuremeter test is an in situ, stress-strain test performed on the wall of a test cavity using a circular cylindrical probe that is expanded radially. To obtain viable test results, disturbance of the test cavity must be minimized with minimal clearance between the diameter of the probe and the test cavity. Alternatively, when preboring does not provide an acceptable test cavity, the probe may be directly inserted into the ground to form the test cavity. 1.2 This test method includes the procedure for test cavity preparation, inserting the probe, and conducting pressuremeter tests in both granular and cohesive soils, but does not include high pressure testing in rock. Knowledge of the type of soil to be tested is necessary for assessment of ( 1 ) the method of preparing the test cavity, ( 2 ) the interpretation of the test data, and ( 3 ) the acceptability of the test results. 1.3 This test method does not cover the self-boring pressuremeter, for which the hole is drilled by a mechanical or jetting tool inside the hollow core of the probe. This test method is limited to the type of pressuremeter that is inserted into predrilled boreholes or, under certain circumstances, is inserted by driving or pushing. 1.4 Two alternative testing procedures are provided as follows: 1.4.1 Procedure A— Equal Pressure Increments 1.4.2 Procedure B— Equal Volume Increments Note 1: Pressuremeter tests performed in rock or using the self-boring pressuremeter follow similar test procedures to those described herein, but do not fall within the scope of this test method. Note 2: Strain-controlled tests also can be performed, whereby the probe volume is increased at a constant rate and corresponding pressures are measured. Strain-controlled tests may yield different results than the procedures described in this test method. 1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 . 1.6 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design. 1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as non-conformance with this test method. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This test method provides a radial stress-strain response of the soil in situ. A pressuremeter modulus and a limit pressure are obtained for use in geotechnical analysis and foundation design. Correlations of the test results to soil strength and stiffness and to engineering design applications are generally empirical, and deviation from the methodology described in this test method may have undesirable effects. Note 5: As with other in situ and laboratory test methods, the user should consider whether results from this test are appropriate for the intended design use. Considerations may include whether the test directly measures strength or stiffness, the orientation of loading, the level of induced strain, insertion or borehole disturbance effects, soil sensitivity, soil saturation, drainage effects, and the robustness of the test equipment, etc. 5.2 The results of this test method are dependent on the clearance between the test cavity and probe and the degree of ground disturbance caused by test cavity preparation and probe insertion, all of which shall be considered during interpretation of the test results. This disturbance is particularly significant in very soft clays and very loose sands. Disturbance may not be eliminated completely but shall be minimized for the prebored pressuremeter design rules to be applicable. Note 6: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/ inspection/etc. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.