采用超低压反渗透（RO）的地下水脱矿中试研究 膜最近由阿拉米达县水区（区）完成 加利福尼亚北部公用事业位于旧金山湾南部地区。这个 该区正在开发一个新的地下水处理设施，该设施将提供 在混合饮用水中增加病原体保护并降低硬度 交付给地区客户。 反渗透试验计划的目标包括: 评估以下问题: 反渗透膜去除硬度以满足区域分布的能力 平均和最大硬度的系统硬度目标为150 mg/L和175 mg/L， 分别地 区域监管机构规定的反渗透浓缩液（盐水）中重金属物种的拒收 水质控制委员会（RWQCB）根据流域计划和加利福尼亚毒物 规则 RO浓缩物对淡水和海洋环境中水生物种的毒性；和 当地地下水的可处理性，以建立全面的工厂设计标准和规模 少量可溶盐的形成潜力。 本文的重点是反渗透法去除受管制的重金属物种 以及不同物种的排斥效率变化。 包括表格、数字。

A groundwater demineralization pilot study using ultra-low pressure reverse osmosis (RO) membranes was recently completed by the Alameda County Water District (District), a Northern California public utility located in the southern San Francisco Bay Area. The District is pursuing development of a new Groundwater Treatment Facility that will provide increased pathogen protection and reduced hardness in the blended drinking water supply delivered to District customers. Objectives of the RO pilot testing program included assessment of the following issues: ability of RO membranes to remove hardness in order to meet District's distribution system hardness goals of 150 mg/L and 175 mg/L for average and maximum hardness, respectively; rejection of heavy metal species in the RO concentrate (brine) regulated by the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) under the Basin Plan and the California Toxics Rule; toxicity of RO concentrate to aquatic species in fresh water and marine environments; and, treatability of local groundwater to establish full-scale plant design criteria and scale formation potential by sparingly soluble salts. The focus of this paper is the removal of regulated heavy metal species by the RO membranes, and the variability of rejection efficiencies demonstrated for different species. Includes tables, figures.