1.1 本试验方法包括从收获前、轧棉过程中、轧机加工过程中或从原（未染色）纱线或织物中分离的松散、未经化学处理的样品中测定棉纤维的线密度（重量细度，以下称为细度）、成熟度、马克隆值和带宽度。 1.2 该测试方法需要使用集成仪器，例如棉镜（见 图1 )，用于测量棉纤维的成熟度、细度、织带宽度和马克隆值。 2. 图1 棉镜仪器 注1: 关于确定棉纤维成熟度的另一种测试方法，请参阅测试方法 D1442号 . 1.3 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.4 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 平均而言，更细、更成熟的棉纤维比粗纤维或未成熟纤维更理想，尽管使用当前的测试方法无法快速准确地区分这些品质。未成熟纤维在加工过程中更容易断裂，在纺纱厂加工过程中容易形成棉结（小缠结）。 这些后果会对纱线和织物的质量和外观产生不利影响。由未成熟纤维生产的纱线和织物通常也不太有光泽，并且不连续地吸收染料，因此染色后纱线和织物的外观可能会有所不同。 5.2 成熟度与纤维长度和强度呈高度正相关，但遗传差异和生长季节植物疾病、土壤和水分条件引起的纤维壁厚差异干扰了这种关系。 5.2.1 细号纱线的生产需要细纤维，纤维细度影响纱线的支数、均匀度和强度。细度和带状宽度都是种间明显的遗传特征，并受种内生长条件的影响。 5.2.2 传统上，马克隆值被用作衡量纤维细度的指标，尽管该值实际上是衡量纤维比表面积或单位重量的表面积。 因此，马克隆值随成熟度和纯度而变化（见 图2 ). 成熟度和纯度通过洛德方程与马克隆值相关。 4. 图2 马克隆值（X）、纯度（H）和成熟度（M）之间的关系 5.3 棉镜值是根据细度、成熟度和色带宽度值进行判断的，这些值是通过检查数千个放大的纤维横截面得出的。这些和其他较旧测试方法的等效值之间的关系非常重要 5. , 6. 特别是如果分析的横截面数量很高（>3000），并且仔细准备和测量横截面。Cottonscope每次测量大约20000根纤维（片段），与以前的方法相比，它是一种快速测试，例如，直接测量横截面。观察到带状宽度与纤维交叉口周长之间的良好关系- 这些部分使观察纤维周长对植物和作物处理的反应的植物育种家和科学家感兴趣的缎带宽度。 5.4 测量了棉镜的精度。使用三分之一捆的测试制度（每个捆样品测试两个样本）测量机器采摘的一致质量棉花，细度精度在6.8%至7.5%之间，成熟度精度在1.2%至1.5%之间，成熟度精度在4%至5%之间 % 对于马克隆值，色带宽度小于1%。这些值包括样本和仪器方差，但不包括实验室间方差。通过增加每捆测量的子样本数来提高精度。成熟度和马克隆值与报告的高容量仪器值相似。 5.4.1 该方法尚未广泛用于验收测试。实验室间试验表明，如果仪器校准和测试程序正确一致，则一致性和精度可能良好。 校准材料应在测试前按照实践指示进行调节 D1776 . 5.4.2 棉花镜算法使用已知的棉花和纤维标准进行校准，例如，美国农业部AMS制备的校准棉花，在制造商的标准仪器上测量，其值和校准材料传递给下一个仪器。建议如果两个或多个实验室的报告测试值之间存在实际意义上的差异，则应进行比较测试，以确定它们之间的任何统计偏差，使用有效的统计分析。理想情况下，这些测试使用相同的同质材料进行。

1.1 This test method covers the determination of linear density (gravimetric fineness hereafter stated as fineness), maturity, micronaire, and ribbon width of cotton fibers from a loose, chemically untreated sample taken before harvest, during ginning, during mill processing or unraveled from raw (undyed) yarn or fabric. 1.2 This test method requires the use of an integrated instrument, for example, the Cottonscope (see Fig. 1 ), that measures the maturity, fineness, ribbon width, and micronaire of cotton fiber. 2 FIG. 1 Cottonscope Instrument Note 1: For another test method to determine the maturity of cotton fibers, refer to Test Method D1442 . 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Cotton fiber that is on average finer and more mature is more desirable than coarse or immature fiber, although distinction between these qualities cannot be made quickly and accurately using current test methods. Immature fibers break more easily during processing and have a tendency to form into neps (small entanglements) during processing in the spinning mill. These consequences adversely affect yarn and fabric quality and appearance. Yarn and fabric produced from immature fiber is typically also less lustrous and does not take up dye consistently so yarn and fabric appearance may be different after dyeing. 5.2 Maturity has a high positive correlation with fiber length and strength but genetic differences and differences in fiber wall thickness caused by plant diseases, soil, and water conditions during the growing season interfere with this relationship. 5.2.1 Fine fibers are required for fine count yarn manufacture and fiber fineness affects yarn count, evenness and strength. Both fineness and ribbon width are strong genetic traits evident between species and affected by growing conditions within species. 5.2.2 Micronaire has traditionally been used as a measure of fiber fineness although the value actually measures fiber specific surface area or surface area per unit weight. As a result, micronaire varies concomitantly with both maturity and fineness (see Fig. 2 ). Maturity and fineness are related to micronaire via Lord’s equation. 4 FIG. 2 Relationship Between Micronaire (X), Fineness (H), and Maturity (M) 5.3 Cottonscope values have been judged against fineness, maturity and ribbon width values produced by examination of thousands of individual, magnified fiber cross-sections. Relationships with equivalent values by these and other older test methods are highly significant 5 , 6 particularly if the number of cross-sections analyzed is high (>3000) and the cross-sections are carefully prepared and measured. Cottonscope measures approximately 20,000 fiber (snippets) per measurement and is a quick test in comparison to previous methods, for example, directly measuring cross-sections. The good relationship observed between ribbon width and the perimeter of fiber cross-sections makes ribbon width of interest to plant breeders and scientists observing fiber perimeter responses to plant and crop treatments. 5.4 The precision of Cottonscope has been measured. Measurement of consistent quality, machine picked cotton using a test regime of one in three bales (with two specimens tested per bale sample), provides a precision of between 6.8 and 7.5 % for fineness, between 1.2 and 1.5 % for maturity, between 4 and 5 % for micronaire and less than 1 % for ribbon width. These values incorporate sample and instrument variance but not inter-laboratory variance. Precision is improved by increasing the number of sub-samples measured per bale. The values for maturity and micronaire are similar to reported high volume instrument values. 5.4.1 The method has not yet been widely controlled for acceptance testing. Inter-laboratory trials have shown agreement and precision can be good if instrument calibrations and test procedures are properly coincided. Calibration material should be conditioned before testing as directed in Practice D1776 . 5.4.2 Cottonscope algorithms are calibrated using known cotton and fiber standards, for example, USDA AMS prepared calibration cottons, measured on a manufacturer’s standard instrument with values and the calibration material passed to the next instrument. It is advised if there are differences of practical significance between reported test values for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed to determine any statistical bias between them, using competent statistical analysis. Ideally, these tests are performed using the same homogenous material.