1.1 本规范涵盖了从铁路车厢、驳船、卡车或库存中的煤炭表面下获取手动总样本的程序。这些程序将用于提供用于估计煤质量的总样品。将粗样品粉碎、分割，并根据实践进一步制备用于分析 D2013/D2013M . 1.2 本实践提供了在暴露的地表煤下约61厘米[24英寸]深度取样的说明。].在该深度收集样品以到达材料表面以下，因为干燥和氧化可能发生在表面或表面附近。水分、粒度和其他性质的变化可能会继续发生在煤的更深处，尽管不像表面附近那么剧烈。用户应检查煤的状况（天气状况、先前的运输、沉降时间等，见 8.1 ）以便有关各方能够就外部条件和煤炭处理带来的潜在变化的大小达成一致。从铁路车厢、驳船或堆中的煤表层收集的样品增量被归类为条件D（见实践 D2234/D2234M 、增量集合分类）。当样品增量采集属于条件D时，所有相关方应事先商定取样程序的细节。本惯例提供了一个抽样程序，缔约方可以使用该程序来满足惯例的要求 D2234/D2234M 条件D，但不产生满足实践中描述的通用取样或专用取样精度要求的样品 D2234/D2234M . 1.3 提醒用户，这种类型的样本不满足概率抽样的最低要求，因此不能用于得出统计推断，如精度、标准误差或偏见。 1.4 这种采样方法仅用于无法通过提供概率样本的更可靠方法进行采样时。 1.5 以SI单位或非SI单位表示的值将被单独视为标准值。每个系统中陈述的值不一定完全等同；因此，为确保符合标准，每个系统应独立使用，两个系统的数值不得合并使用。 1.6 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全性问题（如果有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践并确定法规限制的适用性。 1.7 本国际标准是根据关于制定国际标准的原则的决定中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的以及世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的建议。 ======意义和用途====== 5.1 考虑到可能遇到的各种情况，这些指南提供了从铁路车厢、驳船、卡车或库存中的煤炭暴露表面下手动采集总样本的程序。实验室对样品进行进一步处理，以提供煤质的估计。这种做法的使用取决于所有相关方在取样开始前就样品采集的所有相关细节达成一致。这些细节包括但不限于:批量；增量的数量和质量；增量收集装置的尺寸、形状和操作；增量收集站点的位置；不征收或暂停征收增量的情况；和安全预防措施。这种协议最好是书面的。提醒用户，如此获得的样品不代表穿透点以下的材料。

1.1 This practice covers procedures for obtaining a manual gross sample from beneath the surface of coal in railroad cars, barges, trucks, or stockpiles. These procedures are to be used to provide gross samples for estimating the quality of the coal. The gross samples are to be crushed, divided, and further prepared for analysis in accordance with Practice D2013/D2013M . 1.2 This practice provides instruction for sampling beneath the exposed surface coal to a depth of approximately 61 cm [24 in.]. Collect samples at this depth to get below the surface of the material, since drying and oxidation may have occurred at, or near the surface. Changes in moisture, in particle size, and in other properties may continue to occur deeper in the coal, although not as drastic as near the surface. The user should review the conditions of the coal (weather conditions, prior transport, settling time, and so forth, see 8.1 ) so that the interested parties can agree on the magnitude of the potential variation introduced by external conditions and coal handling. Sample increments collected from the surface layer(s) of coal in railroad cars, barges, or stockpiles are classified condition D (see Practice D2234/D2234M , Increment Collection Classification). Details of sampling procedure shall be agreed upon in advance by all parties concerned whenever collection of sample increments falls under condition D. This practice offers a sampling procedure that parties may use to meet requirements of Practice D2234/D2234M for condition D but does not produce samples that satisfy precision requirements of either General-Purpose Sampling or Special-Purpose Sampling as described in Practice D2234/D2234M . 1.3 The user is cautioned that samples of this type do not satisfy the minimum requirements for probability sampling and as such cannot be used to draw statistical inferences such as precision, standard error, or bias. 1.4 This sampling method is intended for use only when sampling by more reliable methods that provide a probability sample is not possible. 1.5 The values stated in either SI units or non-SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 These guidelines provide procedures for manually collecting gross samples from beneath the exposed surface of coal in railroad cars, barges, trucks, or stockpiles taking into account the wide variety of conditions that may be encountered. The samples are further processed for the laboratory to provide estimations of the coal quality. The use of this practice is conditional upon agreement among all interested parties concerning all relevant details of sample collection before sampling begins. These details include, but are not limited to: lot size; number and mass of increments; the size, shape, and manipulation of the increment collection devices; location of increment collection site or sites; circumstances under which increments are not to be collected or suspended; and safety precautions. It is preferable that such agreements be in writing. The user is cautioned that samples so obtained do not represent material below the point of penetration.