先前为能源部开发的热泵季节性性能模型（SPM）已经过改进，变得更加灵活。该模型采用双仓时热泵负荷和性能计算方法。当前模型是用于制冷和供暖性能模拟的两个以前独立模型的组合版本，允许对给定设备/建筑组合的年度性能进行评估。增加了一个除霜控制系统模型，用于计算八种除霜控制的能耗。其他修改包括增加一个改进的恒温器模型，该模型考虑了循环降级和设备准时之间的相互作用，以及热泵和/或建筑尺寸规格的灵活方法。各种参数研究展示了模型的适用性，并调查了除霜损失、循环损失、恒温器特性和设备额定值的影响- 热泵性能的点数据关系。恒温器特性和设备时间常数会导致季节性能源使用的巨大变化。系统容量和效率随室外温度变化的影响被证明是优化热泵尺寸和选择方法的重要考虑因素。引文:ASHRAE Transactions，1983年，第89卷，pt。新泽西州大西洋城1B号

The Heat Pump Seasonal Performance Model (SPM) previously developed for the DOE has been refined and made more flexible. The model uses a double bin hour method of heat pump load and performance calculation. The current model is a combined version of two formerly independent models for cooling and heating performance simulation, allowing annual performance to be evaluated for a given equipment/building combination. A defrost control system model was added that computes energy consumption for eight types of defrost controls Other modifications include addition of an improved thermostat model, which accounts for the interaction between cyclic degradation and equipment on-time, and a flexible method of heat pump and/or building size specification.Various parametric studies are presented demonstrating the applicability of the model and investigating the effects of defrost losses, cyclic losses, thermostat characteristics, and equipment rating-point data relationships on heat pump performance. Thermostat characteristics and equipment time constants are shown to cause large variations in seasonal energy usage. The effects of changes in system capacity and efficiency with outdoor temperature are demonstrated to be important considerations in optimization of heat pump sizing and selection methods.