现代科技社会需要大量的冷凝器，从小型制冷机组到发电厂主冷凝器，从微型冰箱到发电厂主冷凝器，都需要大量的冷凝器。这些冷凝器中有很大一部分是管式冷凝器。管内冷凝器广泛应用于流程工业、空调和制冷以及石油化工行业。管内冷凝通常被认为是管内蒸汽的薄膜状冷凝过程。蒸汽在冷却器管壁处冷凝，形成环形冷凝层。 传统上，环形层被认为是对称的，相被认为是完全分离的，然而，重力、剪切力和压力使液膜重新分布，并破坏任何明确的相分离。界面波、夹带液滴、分层、气泡和蒸汽段塞都可能存在，并且可以极大地改变流场。每年生产大量管内冷凝器。由于扩容可以产生更小、更高效的设备，因此潜在的节省是相当可观的。 作为管内冷凝大型研究的一部分，已经开展了一项旨在研究潜在增强技术的实验计划。本文介绍了三种增强技术的试验以及水平光滑管的参考试验。引文:德克萨斯州达拉斯ASHRAE交易会第82卷第1部分研讨会

A modern technological society requires large numbers of condensers ranging from small units rejecting heat from miniature refrigerators to power plant main condensers rejecting several gigawatts. A large fraction of these condensers are in-tube condensers. In-tube condensers are widely used in the process industry, in air conditioning and refrigeration, and in the petro-chemical industry.In-tube condensation is often thought of as a process of filmwise condensation of a vapor inside a tube. Vapor is condensed at the cooler tube wall, creating an annular layer of condensate. Classically, the annular layer is considered to be symmetric and the phases considered to be completely separated, However, gravitational, shear, and pressure forces redistribute the liquid film and disrupt any well-defined phase segregation. Interfacial waves, entrained droplets, stratification, bubbles, and vapor slugs all can be present and can greatly modify the flow field.Large numbers of in-tube condensers are manufactured each year. Since augmentation can result in smaller more efficient devices, potential savings are quite substantial. An experimental program designed to investigate potential augmentation techniques has been carried out as part of a larger study of in-tube condensation. This paper describes tests of three augmentation techniques as well as the reference tests of horizontal smooth tubes.