1.1 本试验方法描述了使用分光光度计或带有半球形光学测量系统（如积分球）的分光光度计对物体颜色样本的反射特性和颜色进行仪器测量。 1.2 该测试方法适用于大多数物体颜色样本。然而，当需要最高精度时，不应将其用于反光样品或荧光样品。最好不要使用这种几何形状测量具有中等光泽表面的试样。 1.3 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.4 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 获得物体颜色颜色颜色坐标的最直接和最容易的方法是使用分光光度计或色度计以及半球或双向光学测量系统进行仪器测量。 本试验方法提供了使用半球形光学测量系统通过反射分光光度法进行此类测量的程序。 5.2 本试验方法特别适用于测量以下指定用途的试样类型（指南 E179 和实践 E805 ): 5.2.1 所有类型的物体颜色样本，以获取用于计算机着色剂配方的数据。 5.2.2 用于颜色评估的物体颜色样本。 5.2.2.1 对于平面高光泽试样的测量，测量过程中通常应排除镜面反射成分。 5.2.2.2 对于平面中等光泽试样和纹理表面试样（包括纺织品）的测量，其中第一个表面反射分量可能分布在广泛的角度范围内，可以使用包括镜面反射分量的测量，但产生的颜色坐标可能与颜色的视觉判断没有最佳相关性。使用双向几何形状，例如45/0或0/45，可能会导致更好的相关性。 5.2.2.3 对于平面、低光泽（哑光）试样的测量，可排除或包括镜面反射成分，因为结果中应无明显差异。 5.2.3 用于颜色评估的裸金属表面试样。对于这种应用，在测量过程中通常应包括镜面反射组件。 5.3 不建议使用本试验方法测量以下类型的试样，对于这些试样，最好使用双向测量几何形状（0/45或45/0）（指南 E179 ): 5.3.1 中等光泽的物体颜色样本， 5.3.2 反光试样，以及 5.3.3 荧光样本（规程 E991 ). 5.3.3.1 当对是否应包括或排除反射的镜面反射分量存在疑问时，应进行两次测量，并且结果与视觉判断相关。 因此，应使用具有较高视觉相关性的方法。 5.3.3.2 当在色差比较中使用光泽或纹理彼此显著不同的两个试样的测量值时，通常应在每次测量中包括镜面反射分量。这可以在两次测量中包括所有第一次曲面反射，无论是漫反射还是镜面反射。这些第一表面反射在色差方程中相互减去，而人体颜色的差异仍然存在，这是通常寻求的。

1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measurement of the reflection properties and color of object-color specimens by the use of a spectrophotometer or spectrocolorimeter with a hemispherical optical measuring system, such as an integrating sphere. 1.2 The test method is suitable for use with most object-color specimens. However, it should not be used for retroreflective specimens or for fluorescent specimens when highest accuracy is desired. Specimens having intermediate-gloss surfaces should preferably not be measured by use of this geometry. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The most direct and accessible methods for obtaining the color coordinates of object colors are by instrumental measurement using spectrophotometers or colorimeters with either hemispherical or bidirectional optical measuring systems. This test method provides procedures for such measurement by reflectance spectrophotometry using a hemispherical optical measuring system. 5.2 This test method is especially suitable for measurement of the following types of specimens for the indicated uses (Guide E179 and Practice E805 ): 5.2.1 All types of object-color specimens to obtain data for use in computer colorant formulation. 5.2.2 Object-color specimens for color assessment. 5.2.2.1 For the measurement of plane-surface high-gloss specimens, the specular component should generally be excluded during the measurement. 5.2.2.2 For the measurement of plane-surface intermediate-gloss specimens and of textured-surface specimens, including textiles, where the first-surface reflection component may be distributed over a wide range of angles, measurement may be made with the specular component included, but the resulting color coordinates may not correlate best with visual judgments of the color. The use of bidirectional geometry, such as 45/0 or 0/45, may lead to better correlations. 5.2.2.3 For the measurement of plane-surface, low-gloss (matte) specimens, the specular component may either be excluded or included, as no significant difference in the results should be apparent. 5.2.3 Specimens with bare metal surfaces for color assessment. For this application, the specular component should generally be included during the measurement. 5.3 This test method is not recommended for measurement of the following types of specimens, for which the use of bidirectional measurement geometry (0/45 or 45/0) is preferable (Guide E179 ): 5.3.1 Object-color specimens of intermediate gloss, 5.3.2 Retroreflective specimens, and 5.3.3 Fluorescent specimens (Practice E991 ). 5.3.3.1 When there is doubt as to whether the specular component of reflection should be included or excluded, both measurements should be made, and the results correlated with visual judgments. Thereafter, the method with higher visual correlation should be utilized. 5.3.3.2 When measurements of two specimens whose gloss, or texture, are substantially different from each other, are to be utilized in a color-difference comparison, generally the specular component should be included in each measurement. This has the effect of including in both measurements all the first surface reflections whether diffuse or specular. These first surface reflections are subtracted from each other in the color-difference equation, and differences in the body color remain, which is what is usually sought.