1.1 本试验方法涵盖并要求评估发动机机油的性能，以满足美国石油协会（API）C类服务类别（包括在规范中 天4485 )。它是在实验室中使用标准化的高速单缸柴油发动机进行的。 4. 测量了活塞和环槽沉积物的形成趋势和油耗。还检查了活塞、活塞环和缸套的遇险情况以及活塞环的活动情况。 1.2 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。本标准中不包括其他计量单位。 1.2.1、 例外情况- 如果没有直接的国际标准等效物，如螺纹、国家管道螺纹/直径、管道尺寸，或有唯一来源的供应设备规范。 1.3 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 作为一种发动机测试方法，本标准确实存在需要安全实践的明确危险（参见 附录X2 关于安全）。 1.4 以下是目录: 部分 范围 1. 参考文件 2. 术语 3. 试验方法总结 4. 意义和用途 5. 仪器和安装 6. 进气系统 6.2.1 排气系统 6.2.2 燃油系统 6.2.3 机油消耗系统 6.2.4 发动机机油系统 6.2.5 机油加热系统 6.2.5.1 机油取样阀 6.2.5.2 发动机冷却液系统 6.2.6 发动机仪表 6.2.7 试剂和材料 7. 油样 8. 仪器的准备 9 发动机总装配规程 9.1 发动机整体检查 9.2 铜质部件 9.3 发动机润滑系统冲洗 9.4 发动机活塞冷却喷嘴 9.5 发动机测量和检查 9.6 气缸盖 9.7 气门导管衬套 9.8 喷油器 9.9 活塞和活塞环 9.10 气缸套 9.11 压缩比 9.12 发动机正时 9 13 发动机冷却液系统清洁程序 9.14 校准和标准化 10 试验室仪器 10.1 仪表标准 10.2 冷却液流量 10.3 重新校准要求 10.4 喷油器 10.5 空气流量 10.6 进气筒 10.7 燃油滤清器 10.8 油标尺流速 10.9 试验台的校准 10.10 延长试验台校准周期 10.11 测试运行编号 10.13 湿度校准要求 10.14 活塞沉积物评级器的校准 10.15 程序 11 发动机磨合程序 11.1 冷却程序 11.2 预热程序 11.3 停机和损失时间 11.4 定期测量 11.5 发动机控制系统 11.6 发动机冷却液 11.6.1 发动机燃油系统 11.6.2 发动机机油温度 11.6.3 排气压力 11.6.4 进气 11.6.5 试验后程序 11.7 活塞环侧间隙 11.7.1 活塞额定值 11.7.2 裁判评分 11.7.3 环端间隙增大 11.7.4 缸套磨损 11.7.5 气缸套孔抛光 11.7.6 照片 11.7.7 结果的计算和解释 12 测试有效性 12.1 计算 12.2 质量指数 12.2.1条 机油消耗量 12.2.2 汇报 13 表单和数据字典 13.1 测试有效性 13.2 报告详细信息 13.3 精度和偏差 14 精确 14.1 偏见 14.1.4 关键词 15 附件 发动机和零件保修 附件A1 仪器位置、测量和计算 附件A2 冷却系统布置 附件A3 进气质量流量传感器的安装 附件A4 燃料系统设计和所需部件 附件A5 机油系统 附件A6 排气和进气筒管道 附件A7 湿度探头安装（位置） 附件A8 退货授权书（索赔单） 附件A9 发动机总成信息 附件A10 冲洗说明和设备 附件A11 预热、冷却和测试条件 附件A12 活塞和缸套额定值修改 附件A13 附加报告表格 附件A14 测试报告表格 附件A15 附录 各种参考示例 附录X1 安全 附录X2 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 这是一种加速发动机机油测试，在标准化、校准的固定式单缸柴油发动机中进行，可测量( 1. )活塞和环槽沉积物的形成趋势( 2. )活塞、环和衬套磨损( 3. )油耗。本试验用于制定规范中引用的柴油机油规范要求 天4485 适用于适当的API性能C类油（API 1509）。该试验方法也可用于柴油机油的开发。

1.1 This test method covers and is required to evaluate the performance of engine oils intended to satisfy certain American Petroleum Institute (API) C service categories (included in Specification D4485 ). It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine. 4 Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption is measured. The piston, the rings, and the liner are also examined for distress and the rings for mobility. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions— Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this standard does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety). 1.4 The following is the Table of Contents: Section Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Summary of Test Method 4 Significance and Use 5 Apparatus and Installation 6 Intake Air System 6.2.1 Exhaust System 6.2.2 Fuel System 6.2.3 Oil Consumption System 6.2.4 Engine Oil System 6.2.5 Oil Heating System 6.2.5.1 Oil Sample Valve 6.2.5.2 Engine Coolant System 6.2.6 Engine Instrumentation 6.2.7 Reagents and Materials 7 Oil Samples 8 Preparation of Apparatus 9 General Engine Assembly Practices 9.1 Complete Engine Inspection 9.2 Copper Components 9.3 Engine Lubricant System Flush 9.4 Engine Piston Cooling Jets 9.5 Engine Measurements and Inspections 9.6 Cylinder Head 9.7 Valve Guide Bushings 9.8 Fuel Injector 9.9 Piston and Rings 9.10 Cylinder Liner 9.11 Compression Ratio 9.12 Engine Timing 9.13 Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure 9.14 Calibration and Standardization 10 Test Cell Instrumentation 10.1 Instrumentation Standards 10.2 Coolant Flow 10.3 Re-calibration Requirements 10.4 Fuel Injectors 10.5 Air Flow 10.6 Intake Air Barrel 10.7 Fuel Filter 10.8 Oil Scale Flow Rates 10.9 Calibration of Test Stands 10.10 Extending Test Stand Calibration Period 10.11 Test Run Numbering 10.13 Humidity Calibration Requirements 10.14 Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters 10.15 Procedure 11 Engine Break-in Procedure 11.1 Cool-down Procedure 11.2 Warm-up Procedure 11.3 Shutdowns and Lost Time 11.4 Periodic Measurements 11.5 Engine Control Systems 11.6 Engine Coolant 11.6.1 Engine Fuel System 11.6.2 Engine Oil Temperature 11.6.3 Exhaust Pressure 11.6.4 Intake Air 11.6.5 Post-Test Procedures 11.7 Piston Ring Side Clearances 11.7.1 Piston Ratings 11.7.2 Referee Ratings 11.7.3 Ring End Gap Increase 11.7.4 Cylinder Liner Wear 11.7.5 Cylinder Liner Bore Polish 11.7.6 Photographs 11.7.7 Calculation and Interpretation of Results 12 Test Validity 12.1 Calculations 12.2 Quality Index 12.2.1 Oil Consumption 12.2.2 Report 13 Forms and Data Dictionary 13.1 Test Validity 13.2 Report Specifics 13.3 Precision and Bias 14 Precision 14.1 Bias 14.1.4 Keywords 15 Annexes Engine and Parts Warranty Annex A1 Instrument Locations, Measurements, and Calculations Annex A2 Cooling System Arrangement Annex A3 Intake Air Mass Flow Sensor Installation Annex A4 Fuel System Design and Required Components Annex A5 Oil System Annex A6 Exhaust and Intake Barrel Piping Annex A7 Humidity Probe Installation (Location) Annex A8 Return Goods Authorization (Claim Form) Annex A9 Engine Assembly Information Annex A10 Flushing Instructions and Apparatus Annex A11 Warm-up, Cool-down and Testing Conditions Annex A12 Piston and Liner Rating Modifications Annex A13 Additional Report Forms Annex A14 Test Report Forms Annex A15 Appendixes Various Examples for Reference Purposes Appendix X1 Safety Appendix X2 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This is an accelerated engine oil test, performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine that gives a measure of ( 1 ) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, ( 2 ) piston, ring and liner scuffing and ( 3 ) oil consumption. The test is used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category C oils (API 1509). The test method can also be used in diesel engine oil development.