1.1 意图: 1.1.1 本指南涵盖用于处理和处理核材料和放射性材料的热电池（屏蔽电池）中的材料处理设备。本指南旨在帮助热电池材料处理设备的选择和设计，以最大限度地减少设备故障并最大限度地提高设备效用。 1.1.2 本指南旨在记录经验证明对材料搬运设备的设计、制造、安装、维护、维修、更换、去污和退役至关重要的原则和注意事项，这些设备能够满足严格的操作、可靠和安全要求，在热电池环境中，由于辐射暴露危险，操作员的能见度受到限制。 1.1.3 本指南可适用于其他放射性远程操作设施中的材料处理设备，如合适的进入维修区和峡谷，但不适用于商业动力反应堆中使用的材料处理装置。 1.1.4 本指南涵盖机械主从机械手和机电机械手，但不涵盖电液机械手。 1.2 适用性: 1.2.1 本指南适用于在以下一种或多种条件下使用的设备: 1.2.1.1 处理或加工的材料对人类或环境构成重大辐射危害。 1.2.1.2 设备通常将在长期使用周期内使用（例如，超过两年），但不排除用于较短使用周期的设备。 1.2.1.3 设备既不能出于操作或维护的目的直接访问，也不能直接查看设备，例如，没有屏蔽观察窗、潜望镜或视频监控系统。 1.3 用户注意事项: 1.3.1 本标准不能替代应用工程技能、经验证的实践和经验。其目的是提供指导。 1.3.1.1 本标准中规定的与设备设计相关的指南仅旨在提醒设计人员和工程师注意那些对于设计、选择、操作和维护适用于主体使用条件的可靠材料搬运设备而言是必要的或非常可取的特征、条件和程序。 1.3.1.2 该指南阐述了发现条件、实践、特征或缺乏特征的结果，这些特征被发现是操作或维护问题的根源或故障原因。 1.3.2 本标准不取代任何条件下适用于设备的联邦或州法规或两者。 1.3.3 本标准不包括热电池的设计特点，例如窗户、排水管和屏蔽塞。本标准不包括气动或液压系统。请参阅指南 第1533页 , 第217页 和ANS放射性材料处理设施和设备设计指南，以获取热电池和其他热电池设备设计特征的信息和参考。 1.3.4 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并在使用前确定监管限制的适用性。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《国际标准、指南和建议制定原则决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 4.1 材料搬运设备的可操作性和长期完整性是设计和制造过程中产生的问题。这些问题在这些阶段中的一个或另一个阶段得到最有效的解决。在搬运和安装过程中，设备的可操作性和完整性可能会受到影响。因此，应在严格控制和监督的条件下搬运和安装受试设备。 4.2 本指南旨在作为其他标准的补充（第节 2. ，参考文件），以及适用于该用途设备设计的联邦和州法规、规范和标准。 4.3 本指南旨在通用，适用于各种类型和配置的物料搬运设备。 4.4 术语 物料搬运设备 在本文中以一般意义使用。它包括机械手、起重机、手推车或转向架，以及用于在热电池中搬运工具和材料的专用设备。 4.5 该服务对设备的质量和完整性提出了严格要求，如下所示: 4.5.1 防护靴和类似的防护罩不应限制设备的移动，应与设备适当密封，并应能承受辐射、电池大气、灰尘、电池温度、化学暴露以及清洁和去污试剂，还应能抵抗阻碍和撕裂。 4.5.2 材料处理设备应能够承受严格的化学清洗和去污程序。 4.5.3 材料搬运设备的设计和制造应在其整个生命周期内保持尺寸稳定。 4.5.4 需要注意制造公差，以允许部件之间的正确装配，以便在热电池中正确安装和安装材料处理设备，例如，更换零件或部件时。应控制制造公差，以便在可能的情况下提供足够的松配合，以帮助远程维护和更换设备和部件。 4.5.5 制造材料应能抵抗辐射损伤，或受到此类损伤的材料应进行屏蔽或放置和连接，以便易于更换。 4.5.6 出于去污原因，光滑的表面处理是必要的。应消除或尽量减少隐藏和保留放射性微粒或其他附着污染物的不规则现象。 4.6 暴露在高温、高压、酸性或腐蚀性条件下的材料搬运设备可能需要特殊的设计考虑，以与操作环境兼容。应考虑由灭火系统和其他应急系统激活产生的温度和压力以及绝对温度和压力极值的潜在变化率。 4.7 当更换、修改或向现有热电池添加额外的材料处理设备时，该热电池或具有类似处理任务的热电池中材料处理设备的维护记录可供参考。这些记录可以提供有关设计和制造的设备类型和等级的故障原因、频率和类型的宝贵见解，以便对新设备进行改进。 4.8 应根据以前在类似环境中的经验和类似职责进行预防性维护，以防止对故障部件进行计划外维修。

1.1 Intent: 1.1.1 This guide covers materials handling equipment used in hot cells (shielded cells) for the processing and handling of nuclear and radioactive materials. The intent of this guide is to aid in the selection and design of materials handling equipment for hot cells in order to minimize equipment failures and maximize the equipment utility. 1.1.2 It is intended that this guide record the principles and caveats that experience has shown to be essential to the design, fabrication, installation, maintenance, repair, replacement, and decontamination and decommissioning of materials handling equipment capable of meeting the stringent demands of operating, dependably and safely, in a hot cell environment where operator visibility is limited due to the radiation exposure hazards. 1.1.3 This guide may apply to materials handling equipment in other radioactive remotely operated facilities such as suited entry repair areas and canyons, but does not apply to materials handling equipment used in commercial power reactors. 1.1.4 This guide covers mechanical master-slave manipulators and electro-mechanical manipulators, but does not cover electro-hydraulic manipulators. 1.2 Applicability: 1.2.1 This guide is intended to be applicable to equipment used under one or more of the following conditions: 1.2.1.1 The materials handled or processed constitute a significant radiation hazard to man or to the environment. 1.2.1.2 The equipment will generally be used over a long-term life cycle (for example, in excess of two years), but equipment intended for use over a shorter life cycle is not excluded. 1.2.1.3 The equipment can neither be accessed directly for purposes of operation or maintenance, nor can the equipment be viewed directly, for example, without shielded viewing windows, periscopes, or a video monitoring system. 1.3 User Caveats: 1.3.1 This standard is not a substitute for applied engineering skills, proven practices and experience. Its purpose is to provide guidance. 1.3.1.1 The guidance set forth in this standard relating to design of equipment is intended only to alert designers and engineers to those features, conditions, and procedures that have been found necessary or highly desirable to the design, selection, operation and maintenance of reliable materials handling equipment for the subject service conditions. 1.3.1.2 The guidance set forth results from discoveries of conditions, practices, features, or lack of features that were found to be sources of operational or maintenance problems, or causes of failure. 1.3.2 This standard does not supersede federal or state regulations, or both, or codes applicable to equipment under any conditions. 1.3.3 This standard does not cover design features of the hot cell, for example, windows, drains, and shield plugs. This standard does not cover pneumatic or hydraulic systems. Refer to Guides C1533 , C1217 , and ANS Design Guides for Radioactive Material Handling Facilities & Equipment for information and references to design features of the hot cell and other hot cell equipment. 1.3.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Materials handling equipment operability and long-term integrity are concerns that originate during the design and fabrication sequences. Such concerns are most efficiently addressed during one or the other of these stages. Equipment operability and integrity can be compromised during handling and installation sequences. For this reason, the subject equipment should be handled and installed under closely controlled and supervised conditions. 4.2 This guide is intended as a supplement to other standards (Section 2 , Referenced Documents), and to federal and state regulations, codes, and criteria applicable to the design of equipment intended for this use. 4.3 This guide is intended to be generic and to apply to a wide range of types and configurations of materials handling equipment. 4.4 The term materials handling equipment is used herein in a generic sense. It includes manipulators, cranes, carts or bogies, and special equipment for handling tools and material in hot cells. 4.5 This service imposes stringent requirements on the quality and the integrity of the equipment, as follows: 4.5.1 Boots and similar protective covers should not restrict movement of the equipment, should be properly sealed to the equipment and should withstand the radiation, cell atmosphere, dust, cell temperatures, chemical exposures, and cleaning and decontamination reagents, and also resist snags and tearing. 4.5.2 Materials handling equipment should be capable of withstanding rigorous chemical cleaning and decontamination procedures. 4.5.3 Materials handling equipment should be designed and fabricated to remain dimensionally stable throughout its life cycle. 4.5.4 Attention to fabrication tolerances is necessary to allow the proper fit-up between components for the proper installation and mounting of materials handling equipment in hot cells, for example, when parts or components are being replaced. Fabrication tolerances should be controlled to provide sufficiently loose fits where possible to aid in remote maintenance and replacement of equipment and components. 4.5.5 Fabrication materials should be resistant to radiation damage, or materials subject to such damage should be shielded or placed and attached so as to be readily replaceable. 4.5.6 Smooth surface finishes are necessary for decontamination reasons. Irregularities that hide and retain radioactive particulates or other adherent contamination should be eliminated or minimized. 4.6 Materials handling equipment that is exposed to high temperatures, pressures, acidic or caustic conditions may require special design considerations to be compatible with the operating environment. Potential rates of change for temperature and pressure as well as absolute temperature and pressure extremes, created by activation of fire suppression systems and other emergency systems, should be considered. 4.7 When replacing, modifying or adding additional materials handling equipment to an existing hot cell, maintenance records of materials handling equipment in that hot cell or in a hot cell having a similar processing mission may be available for reference. These records may offer valuable insight with regard to the causes, frequency, and type of failure experienced for the type and class of equipment being designed and engineered, so that improvements can be made in the new equipment. 4.8 Preventive maintenance based on previous experience in similar environments and similar duty should be performed to prevent unscheduled repair of failed components.