1.1 这些测试方法涵盖了托盘和相关结构的性能，在材料搬运和运输中用作垫木、底座、平台和箱子。它们的使用有助于在储存和运输过程中保护包装和未包装的产品。测试方法包括测量托盘和相关结构对变形、损坏和结构故障的相对阻力，这些对单位负载的功能产生不利影响。 1.2 这些测试方法包括调节要求、静态刚度和强度测试以及结构可靠性的动态测试。这些测试方法用于评估由各种材料（包括实木、木质复合材料、纤维板、蜂窝、塑料或金属）制成的新的、使用过的或修复过的通用和专用托盘的相对性能，或将此类托盘和相关结构的性能与规定的性能标准进行比较。 本标准中规定的所有试验的推荐标准列于 附录X2 . 1.2.1 这些测试方法还用于将托盘分类为单用途或多用途托盘，并确定托盘在指定负载和支撑条件下的安全工作负载。 1.3 非强制性初步试验- 由于每个托盘可在几种不同的负载和支撑条件下使用，因此托盘设计考虑和安全工作负载估计应基于托盘阻力最小或受力最严重的条件。 1.3.1 初步、短期静态试验，直至最终试验（见 8.2 , 8.3 和 8.4 )应在之前未经测试的托盘上进行，以确定哪些负载和支撑条件对托盘承载能力和安全工作负载影响最严重。 1.3.2 在原型开发过程中，设计将接受验收测试，如中所述 1.4 ，这些初步试验应包括根据 9.1 . 1.4 强制性验收测试: 1.4.1 通用托盘- 当测试的目的是确定安全工作负载或将通用托盘分类为单用途或多用途托盘时，这些测试方法中描述的所有测试应按照规定的顺序进行。在可行的情况下，所有静态和动态测试均应使用相同的托盘。 1.4.2 专用托盘- 当测试的目的是确定安全工作负载或将专用托盘分类为单用途或多用途托盘时，仅应执行代表预期使用条件的测试。由于托盘尺寸、形状或制造材料或其组合，某些特殊用途托盘设计无法使用此方法进行可靠测试。如果可用，应使用替代试验方法。 1.4.3 现场测试- 建议通过这些验收测试的托盘设计在分销环境中进一步接受现场测试。 1.5 分销环境模拟- 这些测试方法并不旨在精确模拟配送环境中的托盘性能。这些测试方法旨在与实践相关，并增加了一项规定，即它们是可重复的，不依赖于特殊技能，并且在没有详细预防措施的情况下是安全的。测试结果预计不会得出不变的结论。可能需要在分布环境中进行测试，以验证从实验室测试中获得的结果。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 具体警告见 9.5.3.5 . 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 静态压缩和弯曲试验提供了用于估计托盘在指定载荷和支撑条件下的刚度、强度和安全工作载荷的数据。这些估算为设计托盘和比较不同设计和结构的托盘之间的性能提供了基础。 4.2 动态测试提供的数据用于估计托盘在指定材料搬运和运输环境中的物理耐久性和功能性。这些估算为设计单个或多个- 使用托盘。 4.3 可以进行其他测试来评估特定材料的性能（测试方法 D2395 , D4442 , D4444 和T 208 OM）和连接装置（试验方法 D1761 , F680 ，试验方法 F1575 ，和规格 F1667 )、设计功能、使用应用程序和遇到的其他变量。

1.1 These test methods cover the performance of pallets and related structures, functioning as skids, bases, platforms, and bins in materials handling and shipping. Their use facilitates the protection of both packaged and unpackaged products during storage and transportation. The test methods include measurements of the relative resistance of pallets and related structures to deformations, damages, and structural failures which detrimentally affect the functionality of the unit load. 1.2 These test methods include conditioning requirements, static stiffness and strength tests, and dynamic tests of structural reliability. These test methods are used to evaluate the relative performance of new, used, or reconditioned general and special-purpose pallets fabricated from various materials including solid wood, wood composites, fiberboard, honeycomb, plastics, or metal, or to compare the performance of such pallets and related structures to specified performance criteria. Recommended criteria for all tests specified in this standard are listed in Appendix X2 . 1.2.1 These test methods are also used to classify pallets as single- or multiple-use pallets and to determine the safe working loads for pallets under specified load and support conditions. 1.3 Nonmandatory Preliminary Tests— Because each pallet may be used under several different conditions of load and support, pallet-design considerations and safe working-load estimates shall be based on that condition under which the pallet offers least resistance or is most severely stressed. 1.3.1 Preliminary, short-duration static tests up to the ultimate (see 8.2 , 8.3 , and 8.4 ) shall be performed on previously non-tested pallets to determine which load and support conditions influence most severely the pallet load-carrying capacity and safe working loads. 1.3.2 During the development of prototypes leading to designs that will be subject to acceptance testing, as described in 1.4 , these preliminary tests shall include the free-fall drop tests in accordance with 9.1 . 1.4 Mandatory Acceptance Tests: 1.4.1 General-Purpose Pallets— When the objective of the test is to determine the safe working load or to classify a general-purpose pallet as a single- or multiple-use pallet, all tests described in these test methods shall be performed in the order specified. The same pallet shall be used for all static and dynamic tests, where feasible. 1.4.2 Special-Purpose Pallets— When the objective of the test is to determine the safe working load or to classify a special-purpose pallet, as a single- or multiple-use pallet, only those tests representing the intended condition of use shall be performed. Certain special–purpose pallet designs, because of the pallet size, its shape, or the material of fabrication, or combinations thereof, cannot be reliably tested using this methodology. When available, alternative test methods should be used. 1.4.3 Field Testing— It is recommended that pallet designs passing these acceptance tests be further subjected to field testing in the distribution environment. 1.5 Simulation of the Distribution Environment— These test methods are not intended to lead to exact simulations of pallet performance in the distribution environment. These test methods are designed to relate to practice with the added provision that they are repeatable, do not depend on exceptional skills, and are safe to conduct without elaborate precautions. The test findings are not expected to lead to unalterable conclusions. Testing in the distribution environment may be necessary to verify the results obtained from laboratory tests. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warnings are given in 9.5.3.5 . 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Static compression and bending tests provide data that are used to estimate stiffness, strength, and safe working loads for pallets under specified load and support conditions. These estimates provide a basis for designing pallets and comparing the performance between pallets of different designs and constructions. 4.2 Dynamic tests provide data which are used to estimate the physical durability and functionality of a pallet in specified material handling and shipping environments. These estimates provide a basis for designing single or multiple-use pallets. 4.3 Other tests may be performed to assess the properties of specific materials (Test Methods D2395 , D4442 , D4444 , and T 208 OM) and connecting devices (Test Methods D1761 , F680 , Test Method F1575 , and Specification F1667 ), design features, use applications, and other variables encountered.