本文件详细描述了能力验证提供者用于设计能力验证方案和分析从这些方案中获得的数据的统计方法。本文件就此类能力验证计划的参与者和认证机构对能力验证数据的解释提供了建议。 本文件中的程序可用于证明实验室、检验机构和个人获得的测量结果符合可接受性能的规定标准。 本文件适用于能力验证，其中报告的结果是对测试项目的定量测量或定性观察。 注意本文件中的程序也可用于评估专家意见，其中意见或判断的报告形式可与独立参考值或共识统计数据进行客观比较。 例如，当通过检查将能力测试项目划分为已知类别时，或者通过检查确定能力测试项目是否来自同一原始来源，并且客观地比较分类结果时，可以应用本文件中与名义（定性）属性相关的规定。

This document provides detailed descriptions of statistical methods for proficiency testing providers to use to design proficiency testing schemes and to analyse the data obtained from those schemes. This document provides recommendations on the interpretation of proficiency testing data by participants in such proficiency testing schemes and by accreditation bodies. The procedures in this document can be applied to demonstrate that the measurement results obtained by laboratories, inspection bodies, and individuals meet specified criteria for acceptable performance. This document is applicable to proficiency testing where the results reported are either quantitative measurements or qualitative observations on test items. NOTE？The procedures in this document can also be applied for the assessment of expert opinion where the opinions or judgments are reported in a form which can be compared objectively with an independent reference value or a consensus statistic. For example, when classifying proficiency test items into known categories by inspection - or in determining by inspection whether proficiency test items arise, or do not arise, from the same original source - and the classification results are compared objectively, the provisions of this document that relate to nominal (qualitative) properties can be applied.