评估在地源热泵系统中使用六种不同液体（甲醇、乙醇、含水醋酸钾、丙二醇、含水醋酸钙镁和含水尿素）作为防冻剂的风险。评估的领域包括火灾危险、腐蚀和泄漏、健康危险、环境、详细的热泵系统分析，从而预测年度能源使用、寿命周期成本和电厂排放，以及未来使用的监管风险。丙二醇在所有区域的风险都较低，醋酸钾、醋酸钙镁和尿素在所有区域的风险都较低至中等，但泄漏（这三个区域的风险都较高）和腐蚀（尿素的风险较高）。 纯乙醇和甲醇具有较高的火灾风险（但稀释形式的火灾风险较低）以及铁化合物的腐蚀问题。此外，甲醇具有很高的环境和健康风险。单位:SIKEYWORDS:1997年，热泵，土壤热泵，防冻剂，危险，火灾，腐蚀，健康，环境，能源消耗，成本，流体，风险评估引文:研讨会，ASHRAE交易，第103卷，第2部分，波士顿1997

Assesses the risks of using six different fluids (methanol, ethanol, aqueous potassium acetate, propylene glycol, aqueous calcium magnesium acetate and aqueous urea) as antifreezes in ground-source heat pump systems. Areas assessed include fire hazard, corrosion and leakage, health hazard, environmental, detailed heat pump system analysis, resulting in predictions of annual energy use, life cycle cost and power plant emissions plus regulatory risk to future use. Propylene glycol had low risk in all areas, potassium acetate, calcium magnesium acetate and urea had low to medium risk in all areas except leakage, which was high for all three, and corrosion, which was high for urea. Ethanol and methanol had high fire risk in their pure forms (but low risk in diluted form) and corrosion problems with iron compounds. In addition, methanol had high environmental and health risks.Units: SIKEYWORDS: year 1997, Heat pumps, soil heat pumps, antifreeze, hazards, fire, corrosion, health, environment, energy consumption, costs, fluids, risk assessment