1.1 为了帮助满足对可用水供应和水处理设施日益增长的需求，美国和世界各地的许多社区都在转向水回收和再利用。水的回收和再利用是保护地球有限的优质淡水供应的有效手段，同时有助于满足住宅、商业和机构发展中不断增长的用水需求。本规程规定了建筑物和相关建筑中水再利用的规程，包括灰水和黑水原位再生。 1.1.1 本规程规定了在不要求饮用水质量的情况下用再生水代替饮用水供应的参数。 1.1.2 本规程规定了现场使用再生水的限制。它不适用于使用从厂外市政废水处理设施输送的再生水。 1.1.3 本规程规定了现场再生水系统的性能要求。它没有指定必须使用的特定技术。多种技术可以满足性能要求。 1.1.4 本规程规定了与现场水再利用相关的水管理要求。与指南一致 2002年 就本实践而言，水管理包括对建筑物用水的数量和质量影响。 1.2 实施这种做法需要专业判断。这种判断应以可持续发展的经验为依据，包括与建筑用途、类型、规模和位置相关的环境、经济和社会问题。 1.3 以英寸-磅单位表示的值应视为标准值。括号中给出的值是对SI单位的数学转换，仅供参考，不被视为标准值。 1.3.1 例外情况- 表1、表X3.1和表X4.1中仅使用国际单位制。 1.4 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《国际标准、指南和建议制定原则决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 4.1 概述- 随着世界人口的增加，满足各种需求的水需求以及管理废水的需求也在增加。 在许多城市和农业地区，正确实施的非饮用水再利用项目已经被公众接受和认可，可以帮助社区在没有任何已知重大健康风险的情况下应对水需求和供应挑战。 4.1.1 世界各地的许多社区正在接近或已经达到可用供水的极限；水再利用已成为节约和扩大可用水供应的必要条件。如果水的可用性限制了发展，水的再利用可以以对环境负责的方式促进社会和经济发展需求。 4.1.2 许多社区也正在接近或已经达到可用水处理设施的极限。新设施和基础设施成本高昂。原位水再利用减少了社区废水设施的负荷。 4.1.3 此外，许多社区在保护水源和处理方面面临更多的安全问题。现场系统提供冗余和多样化的系统，减少与集中设施相关的安全问题。 4.2 可持续发展- 该实践符合指南中确定的与建筑相关的可持续性一般原则 2002年 它阐述了以下环境、经济和社会原则: 4.2.1 环境- 水是一种自然资源。自然资源的可持续利用要求资源得到有效利用，并以保持或提高资源质量的方式利用，同时不会不利地改变可再生资源与建筑相关用途消耗率之间的平衡。利用技术，如- 与标准建筑相比，有助于节约用水的原位水回收系统能够实现更可持续的用水。 4.2.2 经济: 4.2.2.1 直接成本/收益- 直接成本/收益包括第一成本/收益以及运营成本/收益，例如:公用事业成本、维护和维修成本以及与部件材料和系统更换相关的成本。利用有助于减少建筑对饮用水需求的技术，如原位水回收系统，可以降低公用设施成本，防止新建筑暂停施工。 4.2.2.2 间接成本/收益- 可持续建筑实践旨在确定相关的外部成本/效益，最大限度地减少相关的外部费用，并最大限度地提高外部效益。利用技术，如有助于减少建筑物废水排放量的原位水回收系统，可减少对市政水基础设施的需求。 这包括集中处理和分配的成本。大量的能量用于水的处理和分配。例如，在加利福尼亚州 % 电力，32 % 每年有880亿加仑柴油用于水和废水的处理和分配。 6. 注1: 最终报告包括表 1–2:用水循环段的能量强度范围，如下: 6. 能量范围 强度，kWh/MG 用水循环段 低的 高的 供水和输水 0 14 000 水处理 100 16 000 水分配 700 1. 200 废水收集和处理 1. 100 4. 600 废水排放 0 400 循环水处理和分配 400 1. 200 4.2.2.3 社交- 可持续建筑保护和提高建筑使用者的健康、安全和福利。 利用技术，如原位水回收系统，帮助实现关键健康、安全和福利基础设施的多样化和分散化，有助于促进公众的安全和保障。 4.3 持续改进- 本规程不需要特定技术。使用性能要求而非规定性要求旨在促进原位水回收系统的持续研究、开发和改进。

1.1 In an effort to help meet growing demands being placed on available water supplies and water treatment facilities, many communities throughout the United States and the world are turning to water reclamation and reuse. Water reclamation and reuse offer an effective means of conserving the Earth’s limited high-quality freshwater supplies while helping to meet the ever growing demands for water in residential, commercial, and institutional development. This practice sets forth a practice for water reuse in buildings and related construction, encompassing both graywater and blackwater in-situ reclamation. 1.1.1 This practice specifies parameters for substituting reclaimed water in place of potable water supplies where potable water quality is not required. 1.1.2 This practice specifies limitations for use of reclaimed water in-situ. It is not intended for application to the use of reclaimed water delivered from an offsite municipal wastewater treatment facility. 1.1.3 This practice specifies performance requirements for in-situ reclaimed water systems. It does not specify particular technology(ies) that must be used. A variety of technologies may satisfy the performance requirements. 1.1.4 This practice specifies requirements for water stewardship associated with in-situ water reuse. Consistent with Guide E2432 and for purposes of this practice, water stewardship includes both quantity and quality impacts on water used in buildings. 1.2 Implementation of this practice will require professional judgment. Such judgment should be informed by experience with sustainable development, including environmental, economic, and social issues as appropriate to the building use, type, scale, and location. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3.1 Exception— Solely SI units are used in Table 1, Table X3.1, and Table X4.1. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 General— As the world’s population increases, so does the need for water to meet various needs, as well as the need to manage wastewater. Already accepted and endorsed by the public in many urban and agricultural areas, properly implemented nonpotable water reuse projects can help communities meet water demand and supply challenges without any known significant health risks. 4.1.1 Many communities throughout the world are approaching, or have already reached, the limits of their available water supplies; water reuse has become necessary for conserving and extending available water supplies. Where the availability of water limits development, water reuse can facilitate social and economic developmental needs in an environmentally responsible manner. 4.1.2 Many communities are also approaching, or have already reached, the limit of available water treatment facilities. New facilities and infrastructure are costly. In-situ water reuse reduces load on community wastewater facilities. 4.1.3 Additionally, many communities face increased security issues in safeguarding water sources and treatment. In-situ systems provide for redundancies and diversified systems that decrease security issues associated with centralized facilities. 4.2 Sustainable Development— This practice is consistent with the general principles for sustainability relative to building as identified in Guide E2432 . It addresses the environmental, economic, and social principles as follows: 4.2.1 Environmental— Water is a natural resource. Sustainable use of natural resources requires that the resource is utilized efficiently and in a manner that preserves or enhances the quality of that resource and does not adversely alter the balance between the renewable resource and the rate of consumption for building-related purposes. Utilization of technologies, such as in-situ water reclamation systems that help conserve water enable more sustainable use of water than standard construction. 4.2.2 Economic: 4.2.2.1 Direct Costs/Benefits— Direct cost/benefits include first costs/benefits as well as operating costs/benefits such as: utility costs, maintenance and repair costs, and costs associated with replacement of component materials and systems. Utilization of technologies, such as in-situ water reclamation systems that help reduce building demand for potable water can reduce utility costs and prevent moratoriums on new construction. 4.2.2.2 Indirect Cost/Benefits— Sustainable building practices seek to identify associated external costs/benefits, minimize associated external costs, and maximize external benefits. Utilization of technologies, such as in-situ water reclamation systems that help reduce the amount of wastewater discharge from a building reduce demands on municipal water infrastructure. This includes costs for centralized treatment and distribution. Significant energy is expended for treatment and distribution of water. For example, in California, an estimated 19 % of electricity, 32 % of natural gas consumption, and 88 billion gallons of diesel fuel annually power the treatment and distribution of water and wastewater. 6 Note 1: The Final Report includes Table 1–2: Range of Energy Intensities for Water Use Cycle Segments, below: 6 Range of Energy Intensity, kWh/MG Water-Use Cycle Segments Low High Water Supply and Conveyance 0 14 000 Water Treatment 100 16 000 Water Distribution 700 1 200 Wastewater Collection and Treatment 1 100 4 600 Wastewater Discharge 0 400 Recycled Water Treatment and Distribution 400 1 200 4.2.2.3 Social— Sustainable buildings protect and enhance the health, safety, and welfare of building occupants. Utilization of technologies, such as in-situ water reclamation systems that help diversify and decentralize critical health, safety, and welfare infrastructure help promote the safety and security of the general public. 4.3 Continual Improvement— No specific technology is required by this practice. Utilization of performance requirements rather than prescriptive requirements is intended to promote continued research, development, and improvement of as in-situ water reclamation systems.