1.1本指南概述了如何目视评估外部砌石墙和外墙，以确定其一般状况。检查结构的关键特征可以帮助识别和诊断需要维修或纠正措施的问题。此类检查可能会暴露可能需要维护和小修或需要专家协助的情况。本指南不适用于需要重大外部修复或结构维修的建筑物。 1.1.1本指南适用于用作覆层的实心石或尺寸石墙。 石材覆层通常通过各种锚固方法连接到备用材料，包括传统的手动砌石锚，例如带子、暗销、夹子、钩眼、燕尾、扎带等。这类建筑中石块之间的接缝通常用砂浆或密封剂填充。填充密封剂的接头通常设计为适应结构和热运动。 1.2本指南明确不包括用于内部建筑表面、地板或铺路的尺寸石，以及用作屋顶的板岩尺寸石。 尽管它们有一些类似的评估和维护问题，但由于其独特的设计特点和性能要求，薄石材（标称厚度小于2英寸）外覆层和附着在金属火焰上的石材覆层也被排除在外。虽然本文列出的程序和注意事项可能适用于含有半尺寸或部分尺寸的分面石或碎石的墙壁和立面，以及石材立面混凝土面板，但本指南并未专门针对此类石材的使用。 它不能去除小面积污渍。 1.3本指南提供了有组织的信息收集或一系列选项，并不建议具体的行动方案。本文件不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断一起使用。并非本指南的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM标准不代表或取代必须根据其判断给定专业服务的充分性的谨慎标准，也不应在不考虑项目的情况下应用本文件 ’ 它有许多独特的方面。文字 “ 标准 ” 在本文件标题中，仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序获得批准。 1.4以英寸-磅为单位的数值应视为标准值。括号中给出的值是到国际单位制的数学转换，仅供参考，不被视为标准值。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 ====意义和用途====== 本指南试图提供信息，以帮助对石材施工知识有限的建筑业主和管理者识别外墙性能的基本问题，并通过定期检查和维护保持其良好状态。提高对砌石外墙和相关材料行为的认识，可以通过尽早解决问题和退化来减少维护和更换成本。 所有维护的目标应是通过早期干预来限制恶化。 当石头支撑构件出现损坏时，应咨询专业人员，以评估支撑条件，并推荐恢复建筑物完整性和维护公共安全的方法。

1.1 This guide outlines how to visually assess exterior stone masonry walls and facades to determine their general condition. Examining key features of the construction can help identify and diagnose problems which require repairs or corrective action. Such an examination can expose conditions which may be addressed with maintenance and minor repairs, or may require expert assistance. This guide is not intended to be used for buildings requiring major exterior rehabilitation or structural repairs. 1.1.1 This guide applies to walls of solid stone or dimension stone used as a cladding. Stone cladding is typically connected to a backup material with a variety of anchoring methods, including traditional hand-set masonry anchors such as straps, dowels, cramps, hook-and-eyes, dove-tails, wire ties, and the like. Joints between stones in these types of buildings are usually filled with mortar or sealant. Sealant-filled joints are usually designed to accommodate structural and thermal movements. 1.2 This guide specifically excludes dimension stone used in interior building surfaces, flooring or paving, slate dimension stone used as roofing. Though they share some similar assessment and maintenance concerns, thin stone (less than 2 in. nominal thickness) exterior cladding, and stone cladding attached to metal flames are also excluded due to their unique design characteristics and performance requirements. Although procedures and cautions listed herein may apply to walls and facades containing semi-dimension, or partially sized, stone in the form of split-face, or rubble and to stone-facade concrete panels, the guide is not specifically directed to such stone use. It does not address removal of small-area stains. 1.3 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project ’ s many unique aspects. The word “ Standard ” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ====== Significance And Use ====== This guide attempts to provide information to assist building owners and managers with limited knowledge of stone construction to recognize basic problems with performance of facades, and to keep them in good condition through periodic inspections and maintenance. Increased awareness of the behavior of stone masonry facades and associated materials can reduce maintenance and replacement costs by addressing problems and deterioration early. The objective of all maintenance should be to limit deterioration through early intervention. When it appears damage to stone support elements has occurred, professionals should be consulted to evaluate the support conditions, as well as recommend methods to restore the building's integrity and preserve public safety.