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Bromide Removal In Source Water by Electrolysis - A Process for Reduction of DBPs in Drinking Water 电解法去除水源水中的溴化物——一种降低饮用水中DBPs的工艺
发布日期: 2005-11-01
溴化三卤甲烷(THM)物种占四种受监管的三卤甲烷总量(TTHM)的75%,并且 作为饮用水污染物,尤其是DCBM比 氯化三卤甲烷对人类健康的影响。在四种单独的三卤甲烷中,只有 DCBM暴露与自然流产相关,无论是单独的还是调整剂量后的自然流产 其他的THM。该项目探索了用镀银电极电解钛 电极(尺寸稳定的阳极)以及两者的组合,用于从Palmdale的加利福尼亚SWP中去除溴 加利福尼亚州水区处理厂。赫伯特·亨利·道使用电解与空气相结合 将含有高溴含量的盐水汽提以生产溴。表面上 在水处理过程中,溴化物的含量非常低,可能会形成非常低的浓度 次溴酸(HOBr)、次溴酸(HBr)和次溴酸盐(OBr- )在 电解,尤其是当提供的能量低于溴化物的电离能时。这些 副产物很难通过空气或气提去除,并使溴在下游形成TTHM。在室温下使用银电极,银离子会从电池中释放出来 阳极立即与所有卤素直接结合,程度不同,取决于它们的性质 浓度、施加的电流、接触时间和电极间距。微量氧- 形成卤化物,功率要求低。变电流密度和溴化 浓缩,在凝固前和沉淀后定位电解槽,以及 改变电极组合(银/银、DSA/DSA和银/DSA作为阴极/阳极 溴化物的去除程度各不相同。这一过程结合在一起 通过强化混凝,可大幅延长生物活性颗粒活性炭(GAC)的使用寿命 过滤并确保符合美国环境保护局第2阶段DBPR,80微克/升TTHM的LRAA。包括11个参考文献、表格、图表。
Brominated trihalomethane (THM) specie is seventy-five percent of the four regulated total trihalomethane (TTHM) and has significantly greater implications, especially DCBM, as drinking water contaminant than chlorinated THM regarding human health. Of the four individual trihalomethanes, only high DCBM exposure was associated with spontaneous abortion both alone and after adjustment for the other THMs. This project explored the use of electrolysis with silver electrodes, coated Ti electrodes (dimensionally stable anode) and a combination of both to remove bromide from California SWP at Palmdale Water District Treatment Plant, California. Herbert Henry Dow used electrolysis coupled with air stripping of brine that has high proportion of bromide to manufacture bromine. In surface water treatment, bromide occurs at very low levels and may form very low levels of hypobromous acid (HOBr), hypobromic acid (HBr) and hypobromite (OBr-) ions during electrolysis especially if the energy provided is below the ionization energy for bromide. These byproducts are difficult to remove by air or gas stripping and make bromine available to form TTHM downstream. With silver electrodes at ambient temperature, silver ions released from the anode immediately bond directly with all halogens to various degrees depending on their concentrations, current applied, contact time, and electrode spacing. Minimal amount of oxy- halides are formed and power requirement is low. Varying current density and bromide concentration, positioning the electrolytic cell before coagulation and after sedimentation, and changing electrode combinations (Silver/Silver, DSA/DSA, and Silver/DSA as cathode/anode respectively), bromide removal was achieved to varying degrees. This process in combination with enhanced coagulation can be used to substantially extend the life of biologically active granular activated carbon (GAC) filter and ensure compliance with the US Environmental Protection Agency Stage 2 DBPR, LRAA of 80µg/L TTHM. Includes 11 references, tables, figures.
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发布单位或类别: 美国-美国给水工程协会
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