本文为对话注释提供了一套经验性和理论性良好的概念，一种表达对话注释的形式语言（DiAML，DiAML），以及一种将对话分割为语义单元的方法。这允许手动或自动注释对话片段，其中包含参与者通过对对话的贡献所执行的沟通行为的信息。本文档中指定的注释方案支持涉及两个或多个参与者的口语、书面和多模态对话的多维注释。对话单元被视为在不同维度上具有多重交际功能。 标记语言DiAML有一种基于XML的表示格式和一种形式语义，这使得使用DiAML表示进行推理成为可能。本文件还规定了对话分析维度、交际功能、对话行为限定词以及对话行为之间关系的数据类别。此外，它还提供了一些机制，用于定制这些概念集，使用特定于应用程序或特定于领域的概念和语义内容描述对其进行扩展，或选择相关的连贯子集。这些机制使得本文件中规定的对话行为概念不仅对注释有用，而且对交互系统中对话行为的识别和生成也有用。

This document provides a set of empirically and theoretically well-motivated concepts for dialogue annotation, a formal language for expressing dialogue annotations (the Dialogue Act Markup Language, DiAML), and a method for segmenting a dialogue into semantic units. This allows the manual or automatic annotation of dialogue segments with information about the communicative actions which the participants perform by their contributions to the dialogue. The annotation scheme specified in this document supports multidimensional annotation of spoken, written, and multimodal dialogues involving two or more participants. Dialogue units are viewed as having multiple communicative functions in different dimensions. The markup language DiAML has an XML-based representation format and a formal semantics which makes it possible to perform inferences with DiAML representations. This document also specifies data categories for dimensions of dialogue analysis, for communicative functions, for dialogue act qualifiers, and for relations between dialogue acts. Additionally, it provides mechanisms for customizing these sets of concepts, extending them with application-specific or domain-specific concepts and descriptions of semantic content, or selecting relevant coherent subsets of them. These mechanisms make the dialogue act concepts specified in this document useful not only for annotation but also for the recognition and generation of dialogue acts in interactive systems.