1.1 本试验方法涵盖均匀水样中总α和β活性浓度的测量。它适用于放射性浓度水平高于0.11 Bq/L（3 pCi/L）的α发射器和放射性浓度水平高于0.15 Bq/L（4 pCi/L）的β发射器。本试验方法不适用于含有在分析条件下易挥发的放射性核素的样品。 1.2 本试验方法也可用于直接测量均匀水样中总α和β活性浓度，α发射器活性浓度水平高于1.8 Bq/L（50 pCi/L），β发射器活性浓度水平高于3.7 Bq/L（100 pCi/L）。 1.3 使用单操作员测试对该测试方法进行了测试。 2. , 3. 根据美国环保局“饮用水中放射性污染物分析替代试验程序评估协议”进行了一项合作研究。这项研究的结果在ASTM总部存档。 4. 1.4 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。括号中给出的值是pCi/L的数学转换，仅供参考，不被视为标准值。第节中指出了一个例外情况 14 . 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1. 6. 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 本试验方法旨在测量环境和饮用水分析中的总α和β活性浓度。对于为满足监管或许可要求而提交的样品，提交人应确保监管机构或许可证签发人可接受该方法或使用的任何其他方法。 5.2 该试验方法也适用于总α和β的直接分析- 当不需要低检测限时，水中的活性浓度。当不需要低检测限时，直接分析提供了一种快速测定总α和β活性浓度的方法。 5.3 本试验方法无法区分α放射性核素或β放射性核素。打算识别和量化特定放射性核素的人员应使用特定于相关放射性核素的测试方法。 5.4 本试验方法不得引用为测定固体/土壤基质或其酸消化物中总α或β活性浓度的方法。在此类应用中使用本试验方法可能会导致结果严重偏差和不可比性，这取决于基质成分、样品制备或处理方式，或两者。

1.1 This test method covers the measurement of gross alpha- and beta- activity concentrations in a homogeneous water sample. It is applicable to alpha emitters with activity concentration levels above 0.11 Bq/L (3 pCi/L) and beta emitters with activity concentration levels above 0.15 Bq/L (4 pCi/L). This test method is not applicable to samples containing radionuclides that are volatile under conditions of the analysis. 1.2 This test method may also be used for the direct measurement of gross alpha- and beta- activity concentrations in homogeneous water samples with alpha emitter activity concentration levels above 1.8 Bq/L (50 pCi/L) and beta emitter activity concentration levels above 3.7 Bq/L (100 pCi/L). 1.3 This test method was tested using single-operator tests. 2 , 3 A collaborative study following the U.S. EPA “Protocol for the Evaluation of Alternate Test Procedures for Analyzing Radioactive Contaminants in Drinking Water” was performed. The results of this study are on file at ASTM Headquarters. 4 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to pCi/L that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. An exception is noted in Section 14 . 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This test method is intended for the measurement of gross alpha- and beta-activity concentrations in the analyses of environmental and drinking waters. For samples submitted to satisfy regulatory or permit requirements, the submitter should assure that this or any other method used is acceptable to the regulator or permit issuer. 5.2 This test method is also applicable to the direct analysis of gross alpha- and beta-activity concentrations in water when low detection limits are not required. Direct analysis provides a rapid method for determination of gross alpha- and beta-activity concentrations when low detection limits are not required. 5.3 This test method is not capable of discriminating among alpha emitting radionuclides or among beta emitting radionuclides. Those intending to identify and quantify specific radionuclides should use test methods specific to the radionuclides of interest. 5.4 This test method may not be cited as a method for the determination of gross alpha- or beta-activity concentrations in a solid/soil matrix or the acid digestate of the same. The use of this test method for such applications brings the potential for serious bias and incomparability of results dependent on the matrix constituents, manner of sample preparation or treatment, or both.