1.1本试验方法包括使用玻璃硅胶推杆或管膨胀计测定刚性固体材料在-180至900°C温度范围内的线性热膨胀。 注1:通过使用高纯度氧化铝推杆系统，推杆膨胀计的温度范围可以扩展到1600°C，使用各向同性石墨系统，可以扩展到2500°C以上。据信，这些系统的精度和偏差与高达900°C的二氧化硅系统的精度和偏差相同。然而，由于缺乏良好的稳定性，尚未在相关的总温度范围内确定其精度和偏差- 描述了标准物质和实验室间比较的需要。 1.2为此，刚性固体被定义为在试验温度和仪器施加的应力下具有可忽略蠕变或弹性应变率或两者兼有的材料，这会显著影响热长度变化测量的精度。这包括金属、陶瓷、耐火材料、玻璃、岩石和矿物、石墨、塑料、水泥、砂浆、木材和纤维以及其他增强基体复合材料。 1.3许多材料和某些材料应用要求遵循详细的预处理和特定的热试验计划，以正确评估热膨胀。 由于一般测试方法不能涵盖所有具体要求，因此相关材料规范中应包含此类性质的详细信息。 1.4该比较试验方法的精度高于其他推杆膨胀仪（例如，试验方法D696）和热机械分析（例如，试验方法E831）技术，但显著低于绝对方法，例如干涉测量法（例如，试验方法E289）。它通常适用于线膨胀系数大于5μm/m[dot]K的材料，也可用于具有足够长度试样的低膨胀系数材料。 1.5可以使用与本试验方法等效的基于计算机或电子的仪器、技术和数据分析系统。明确建议试验方法的用户，所有此类仪器或技术可能不是等效的。用户有责任在使用前确定必要的等效性。仅在有争议的情况下，本文所述的手动程序才视为有效。 1.6以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。 1.7本标准无意解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the linear thermal expansion of rigid solid materials over the temperature range of -180 to 900°C using vitreous silica push-rod or tube dilatometers. Note 1-The temperature range for push-rod dilatometers can be extended to 1600°C by using high-purity alumina push-rod systems and up to over 2500°C using isotropic graphite systems. The precision and bias of these systems is believed to be of the same order as that for silica systems up to 900°C. However, their precision and bias have not yet been established over the relevant total range of temperature due to the lack of well-characterized reference materials and the need for interlaboratory comparisons. 1.2 For this purpose, a rigid solid is defined as a material that, at test temperature and under the stresses imposed by instrumentation, has a negligible creep or elastic strain rate, or both, regarding significantly affecting the precision of thermal-length change measurements. This includes metals, ceramics, refractories, glasses, rocks and minerals, graphites, plastics, cements, mortars, woods, and fiber, and other reinforced matrix composites. 1.3 Many materials and certain material applications require that detailed preconditioning and specific thermal test schedules be followed for the correct evaluation of thermal expansion. Since a general test method cannot cover all specific requirements, details of this nature should be contained in the relevant material specification. 1.4 The precision of this comparative test method is greater than that of other push-rod dilatometery (for example, Test Method D696) and thermomechanical analysis (for example, Test Method E831) techniques but is significantly lower than that of absolute methods such as interferometry (for example, Test Method E289). It is generally applicable to materials having linear expansion coefficients above 5 [mu]m/m[dot]K and can be used for lower expansion coefficient materials for which a sufficient length of specimen is available. 1.5 Computer- or electronic-based instrumentation, techniques, and data analysis systems equivalent to this test method can be used. Users of the test method are expressly advised that all such instruments or techniques may not be equivalent. It is the responsibility of the user to determine the necessary equivalency prior to use. In the case of dispute only, the manual procedures described herein are to be considered valid. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.