1.1 这些试验方法涵盖了用于制造电绝缘纸和纸板或直接将纸浆纤维用作导体绝缘材料的纤维素纸浆的取样和试验。 注1: 考虑任何一种纸浆性能测试方法的重要性，如本文所述，根据纸浆制成的产品酌情决定。 1.2 关于试剂、取样和报告的章节是以下每个单独测试方法的组成部分。 1.3 每种测试方法都被描述为衡量纸浆的体积特性或由纸浆形成的手抄纸的特性。 1.3.1 可由这些程序确定的体积特性见以下章节: 程序 小节 ASTM标准 方法 参考 塔皮 方法 参考 水提取物电导率 8. & 9 D202型 . 水提取物pH值 10 & 11 D202型 . 水萃取酸度- 碱度 12 & 13 D202型 . 阳离子灰分分析 原子吸收分光光度法 70 – 78 D1193 & D2576 . 灰分含量 79 – 82 D202型 T 413 纸浆中的污垢 40 & 41 . T 213 纤维分析 23 & 24 D202型 & D1030 . 纸浆纤维长度 42 & 43 . T 232，T 233 自由度（加拿大标准 自由度） 53 & 54 . T 227 卡伯值/高锰酸盐 数量（可氧化物质 通过高锰酸盐） 27 & 28 . T 236，嗯 251 纸浆的实验室加工 （打浆法） 51 & 52 . T 200 纸浆中的水分 31 – 33 . T 210 中性水可萃取  硬的- 纸浆硬度 16 – 22 D202型 , D1126 , & D2576 . 纸浆戊聚糖含量 29 & 30 . T 223 纸浆抗崩解性 （标准RPG） 44 – 50 . T 239，嗯 252 湿巾计数 34 – 39 . . 纸浆中的溶剂可溶物 25 & 26 D202型 . 拉伸性能 65 – 69 D202型 . 水可提取氯化物 14 & 15 D202型 . 1.3.2 以下部分介绍了可通过这些程序确定的手抄纸特性: 程序 小节 ASTM标准 方法 参考 塔皮 方法 参考 空气阻力（孔隙度） 57 & 58 D202型 T 205 表观密度 63 & 64 D202型 T 205 爆裂强度 59 & 60 D202型 & D774/D774M T 205 折叠耐久性（M.I.T.） 51 & 52 D202型 & D2176 T 205 形成物理 纸浆试验 55 & 56 . T 205 抗拉强度 65 & 66 D202型 & D828 T 205 注2: 随着方法的发展，将考虑添加灰分、二氧化硅、从灰分中选择的阳离子、热稳定性、α、β和γ纤维素、粘度、总氯、撕裂度、耗散因子和相对介电常数的方法。 1.4 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。 括号中给出的值仅供参考。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 8.1 电级矿浆水提取物的导电性是由矿浆中可能以可电离酸、碱、盐或其组合形式存在的电解杂质引起的。电绝缘中存在电解杂质是不可取的，因为它们往往会降低绝缘电阻，并且在施加电势的条件下会产生腐蚀。在比较测试数据时，请注意，在某些情况下，纸浆，尤其是高纯度纸浆的萃取电导率在制造后随时间变化。该试验有助于常规验收试验、不同纸浆的比较和研究工作。 6

1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and testing of cellulosic pulps for use in the manufacture of electrical insulating papers and boards or in the direct application of pulp fibers as insulation to electrical conductors. Note 1: Consider the significance of any one pulp property test method, as set forth herein, with discretion depending on the product made from the pulp. 1.2 Sections on Reagents, Sampling, and Report are integral parts of each of the individual test methods that follow. 1.3 Each test method is described as being a measure of either a bulk property of the pulp or a property of a handsheet formed from the pulp. 1.3.1 Bulk characteristics determinable by these procedures appear in the following sections: Procedure Sections ASTM Method Reference TAPPI Method Reference Aqueous Extract Conductivity 8 & 9 D202 . Aqueous Extract pH 10 & 11 D202 . Aqueous Extractable Acidity- Alkalinity 12 & 13 D202 . Analysis of Ash for Cations by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry 70 – 78 D1193 & D2576 . Ash Content 79 – 82 D202 T 413 Dirt in Pulp 40 & 41 . T 213 Fiber Analysis 23 & 24 D202 & D1030 . Fiber Length of Pulp 42 & 43 . T 232, T 233 Freeness (Canadian Standard Freeness) 53 & 54 . T 227 Kappa Number/Permanganate Number (Substances Oxidizable by Permanganate) 27 & 28 . T 236, UM 251 Laboratory Processing of Pulp (Beater Method) 51 & 52 . T 200 Moisture in Pulp 31 – 33 . T 210 Neutral Aqueous Extractable  Hard- ness in Pulp 16 – 22 D202 , D1126 , & D2576 . Pentosan Content of Pulp 29 & 30 . T 223 Resistance of Pulp to Disintegration (Standard RPG) 44 – 50 . T 239, UM 252 Shive Count 34 – 39 . . Solvent-Soluble Matter in Pulp 25 & 26 D202 . Tensile Properties 65 – 69 D202 . Water-Extractable Chlorides 14 & 15 D202 . 1.3.2 Handsheet characteristics determinable by these procedures appear in the following sections: Procedure Sections ASTM Method Reference TAPPI Method Reference Air Resistance (Porosity) 57 & 58 D202 T 205 Apparent Density 63 & 64 D202 T 205 Bursting Strength 59 & 60 D202 & D774/D774M T 205 Folding Endurance (M.I.T.) 51 & 52 D202 & D2176 T 205 Forming Handsheets for Physical Tests of Pulp 55 & 56 . T 205 Tensile Strength 65 & 66 D202 & D828 T 205 Note 2: Methods for Ash, Silica, selected cations from Ash, Heat Stability, α, β, and γ Cellulose, Viscosity, Total Chlorine, Tear, and Dissipation Factor and Relative Permittivity, will be considered for addition as methods are developed. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 8.1 The conductivity of the water extract of electrical grade pulp results from electrolytic impurities in the pulp potentially present as ionizable acids, bases, salts, or a combination of these. The presence of electrolytic impurities in electrical insulation is undesirable as they tend to lower insulation resistance and have corrosion-producing tendencies under conditions of applied potential. When comparing test data, note that the extract conductivity of pulps, especially those of high purity, changes with time after manufacturing in some instances. This test is useful for routine acceptance testing, the comparison of different pulps, and research work. 6