本文件规定了α和β放射性核素总α和总β放射性浓度的测定方法。总α和总β放射性测量不是为了绝对测定测试样品中所有α和β放射性核素的放射性浓度，而是一种筛选分析，以确保未超过特定α和β辐射源的特定参考水平。这种类型的测定也称为总α和总β指数。总α和总β分析预计不会像放射性化学分离后的特定放射性核素分析那样准确。测得的最大β能量大约等于0兆电子伏或更高。可能无法检测到低能β发射体（例如3H、55Fe、241Pu）或只能部分检测到（例如14C、35S、63Ni、210Pb、228Ra）。该方法包括非挥发性放射性核素，因为在源制备过程中可能会丢失一些气态或挥发性放射性核素（例如氡和放射性碘）。本方法适用于对饮用水、雨水、地表水、地下水以及冷却水、工业水、生活污水、工业废水等样品进行适当取样、样品处理、试样制备（必要时过滤，并考虑水中溶解物质的量）后的检测。本文件所述方法适用于紧急情况，因为结果可在1小时内获得。总α和总β的检测限分别小于10 Bq\/l和20 Bq\/l。在20分钟内蒸发10毫升样品，然后用窗口比例计数器进行10分钟计数。实验室有责任确保本试验方法适用于所测水样。

This document specifies a method for the determination of gross alpha and gross beta activity concentration for alpha- and beta-emitting radionuclides. Gross alpha and gross beta activity measurement is not intended to give an absolute determination of the activity concentration of all alpha and beta emitting radionuclides in a test sample, but is a screening analysis to ensure particular reference levels of specific alpha and beta emitters have not been exceeded. This type of determination is also known as gross alpha and gross beta index. Gross alpha and gross beta analysis is not expected to be as accurate nor as precise as specific radionuclide analysis after radiochemical separations. Maximum beta energies of approximately 0,1 MeV or higher are well measured. It is possible that low energy beta emitters can not detected (e.g. 3H, 55Fe, 241Pu) or can only be partially detected (e.g. 14C, 35S, 63Ni, 210Pb, 228Ra). The method covers non-volatile radionuclides, since some gaseous or volatile radionuclides (e.g. radon and radioiodine) can be lost during the source preparation. The method is applicable to test samples of drinking water, rainwater, surface and ground water as well as cooling water, industrial water, domestic and industrial wastewater after proper sampling, sample handling, and test sample preparation (filtration when necessary and taking into account the amount of dissolved material in the water). The method described in this document is applicable in the event of an emergency situation, because the results can be obtained in less than 1 h. Detection limits reached for gross alpha and gross beta are less than 10 Bq/l and 20 Bq/l respectively. The evaporation of 10 ml sample is carried out in 20 min followed by 10 min counting with window-proportional counters. It is the laboratory's responsibility to ensure the suitability of this test method for the water samples tested.