1.1 本规程涵盖了从取样点手动获取液体石油和石油产品、原油和中间产品样品至主容器的程序和设备。还包括自由水和其他与石油和石油产品相关的重组分的取样程序。 1.2 本规程还涉及半液态或固态石油产品的取样。有关绿色石油焦的取样，请参阅规程 D8145 . 煅烧石油焦的取样见规程 D6970 . 1.3 本规程提供了有关样本容器选择、制备和样本处理的其他具体信息。 1.4 本规程不包括电气绝缘油和液压油的取样。如果采样是为了精确测定挥发性，请使用惯例 D5842 （API MPMS 第8.4）章结合本惯例。关于样品混合和处理，请参阅实践 D5854 （API MPMS 第8.3章）。 1.5 本规程中描述的程序也适用于大多数非- 腐蚀性液体工业化学品，前提是遵守针对这些化学品的所有安全预防措施。此外，请参考实践 E300 . 本规程中描述的程序也适用于液化石油气和化学品的取样。另请参阅实践 D1265 和 D3700 . 实践中描述了沥青材料的取样程序 D140 . 实践 D4306 提供样本容器和航空燃料取样准备指南。 1.6 单位- 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。 USC单位反映在括号中。 1.7 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 获取石油和石油产品样品的原因有很多，包括化学和物理性质的测定。这些特性可用于:计算标准体积；建立产品价值；通常是安全和监管报告。 4.2 在进行任何类型的采样时都存在固有的局限性，其中任何一种都可能影响样本的代表性。例如，现场样品仅从储罐、容器隔间或管道中的一个特定点提供样品。 在运行或所有水平样品的情况下，样品仅代表从中提取的材料列。 4.3 根据产品和待执行的测试，本规程提供了从储罐、流线、管道、船用容器、工艺容器、桶、罐、管、袋、釜中对液态、半液态或固态石油和石油产品的采样设备、容器制备和手动采样程序的指导，并打开排放流，使其进入主样本容器。

1.1 This practice covers procedures and equipment for manually obtaining samples of liquid petroleum and petroleum products, crude oils, and intermediate products from the sample point into the primary container are described. Procedures are also included for the sampling of free water and other heavy components associated with petroleum and petroleum products. 1.2 This practice also addresses the sampling of semi-liquid or solid-state petroleum products. For the sampling of green petroleum coke, see Practice D8145 . For the sampling of calcined petroleum coke, see Practice D6970 . 1.3 This practice provides additional specific information about sample container selection, preparation, and sample handling. 1.4 This practice does not cover sampling of electrical insulating oils and hydraulic fluids. If sampling is for the precise determination of volatility, use Practice D5842 (API MPMS Chapter 8.4) in conjunction with this practice. For sample mixing and handling, refer to Practice D5854 (API MPMS Chapter 8.3). 1.5 The procedures described in this practice may also be applicable in sampling most non-corrosive liquid industrial chemicals provided that all safety precautions specific to these chemicals are followed. Also, refer to Practice E300 . The procedures described in this practice are also applicable to sampling liquefied petroleum gases and chemicals. Also refer to Practices D1265 and D3700 . The procedure for sampling bituminous materials is described in Practice D140 . Practice D4306 provides guidance on sample containers and preparation for sampling aviation fuel. 1.6 Units— The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. USC units are reflected in parentheses. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Samples of petroleum and petroleum products are obtained for many reasons, including the determination of chemical and physical properties. These properties may be used for: calculating standard volumes; establishing product value; and often safety and regulatory reporting. 4.2 There are inherent limitations when performing any type of sampling, any one of which may affect the representative nature of the sample. As examples, a spot sample provides a sample from only one particular point in the tank, vessel compartment, or pipeline. In the case of running or all-level samples, the sample only represents the column of material from which it was taken. 4.3 Based on the product, and testing to be performed, this practice provides guidance on sampling equipment, container preparation, and manual sampling procedures for petroleum and petroleum products of a liquid, semi-liquid, or solid state, from the storage tanks, flowlines, pipelines, marine vessels, process vessels, drums, cans, tubes, bags, kettles, and open discharge streams into the primary sample container.