1.1 本规程涵盖了开展实验室间项目的必要准备和规划，以开发精度（可确定性、重复性和再现性）和偏差（绝对和相对）的估计值，并进一步介绍了将此类信息纳入标准试验方法的标准措辞。 1.2 这种做法通常仅限于均质石油产品、液体燃料和润滑剂，这些产品通常不会出现严重的取样问题（如不均匀性或不稳定性）。 1.3 此做法可能不适用于中所述存在抽样问题的产品 1.2 固体或半固体产品，如石油焦、工业沥青、石蜡、润滑脂或固体润滑剂，当这些物质的不均匀性质造成取样问题时。在这种情况下，请咨询训练有素的统计学家。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 ASTM测试方法通常用于根据规范制造、销售和购买材料，因此应提供这样的精度，即当合格的操作员正确执行测试时，结果将令人满意，以判断材料是否符合规范。ASTM测试方法中需要说明精度和偏差。然后，这些可以让用户了解结果数据的精度及其与可接受的参考材料或来源（如果可用）的关系。 有时，作为测试方法程序的一部分，需要说明可确定性，以便在处理任何一系列样品时，对测试质量的显著下降提供早期警告。 5.2 重复性和再现性在每个委员会D02试验方法的精度部分进行了定义。可确定性定义见上文第节 3. 。三种精度测量之间的关系可以根据其不同的变化来源制成表格（见 表1 ). 5.2.1 使用时，可确定性是程序部分的强制性部分。它将允许操作员根据指定的操作顺序检查他们的技术。它还确保基于一组确定值的结果不会受到来自该来源的过度可变性的影响。 5.3 偏差声明提供了一组测试结果和一组相关可接受参考值之间关系的指南。 当测试方法的偏差已知时，可以在测试方法中加入补偿调整。 5.4 本规程旨在供D02小组委员会用于确定D02试验方法中使用的精度估计和偏差声明。其程序符合ISO 4259，是委员会D02计算机软件的基础， 精度数据的计算:石油试验方法 。本规程的使用取代了研究报告RR:D02-107的使用。 2. 5.5 许多委员会编写了精度计算的标准实践，并强调了其特定的产品领域。E11统计委员会制定的一个是实践 E691 实践 E691 这种做法与中概述的不同 表2 .

1.1 This practice covers the necessary preparations and planning for the conduct of interlaboratory programs for the development of estimates of precision (determinability, repeatability, and reproducibility) and of bias (absolute and relative), and further presents the standard phraseology for incorporating such information into standard test methods. 1.2 This practice is generally limited to homogeneous petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants with which serious sampling problems (such as heterogeneity or instability) do not normally arise. 1.3 This practice may not be suitable for products with sampling problems as described in 1.2 , solid or semisolid products such as petroleum coke, industrial pitches, paraffin waxes, greases, or solid lubricants when the heterogeneous properties of the substances create sampling problems. In such instances, consult a trained statistician. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 ASTM test methods are frequently intended for use in the manufacture, selling, and buying of materials in accordance with specifications and therefore should provide such precision that when the test is properly performed by a competent operator, the results will be found satisfactory for judging the compliance of the material with the specification. Statements addressing precision and bias are required in ASTM test methods. These then give the user an idea of the precision of the resulting data and its relationship to an accepted reference material or source (if available). Statements addressing determinability are sometimes required as part of the test method procedure in order to provide early warning of a significant degradation of testing quality while processing any series of samples. 5.2 Repeatability and reproducibility are defined in the precision section of every Committee D02 test method. Determinability is defined above in Section 3 . The relationship among the three measures of precision can be tabulated in terms of their different sources of variation (see Table 1 ). 5.2.1 When used, determinability is a mandatory part of the Procedure section. It will allow operators to check their technique for the sequence of operations specified. It also ensures that a result based on the set of determined values is not subject to excessive variability from that source. 5.3 A bias statement furnishes guidelines on the relationship between a set of test results and a related set of accepted reference values. When the bias of a test method is known, a compensating adjustment can be incorporated in the test method. 5.4 This practice is intended for use by D02 subcommittees in determining precision estimates and bias statements to be used in D02 test methods. Its procedures correspond with ISO 4259 and are the basis for the Committee D02 computer software, Calculation of Precision Data: Petroleum Test Methods . The use of this practice replaces that of Research Report RR:D02-1007. 2 5.5 Standard practices for the calculation of precision have been written by many committees with emphasis on their particular product area. One developed by Committee E11 on Statistics is Practice E691 . Practice E691 and this practice differ as outlined in Table 2 .