1.1 本试验方法涵盖了一种纳米划痕法，用于测定光滑平面上油漆涂层的耐刮擦性。 1.2 划痕/损伤评估中使用的其他方法使用单次或多次接触切割对样品表面进行物理划痕或损伤，然后使用目视检查来指定排名。人们已经认识到，外观损失主要是由于表面损坏造成的。该方法通过将评估过程分为两个步骤，重点放在表面损伤上，定量、客观地测量划痕/擦伤行为。第一步是找出损伤形状和尺寸与外部输入（如力、接触几何形状和变形）之间的关系。 第二步是将损伤形状和大小与视觉光泽损失联系起来。该方法涵盖了第一步；此外，附录中的调查提供了一个将损伤与光泽变化联系起来的实验示例。 1.3 有三种基本的变形机制:弹性变形、塑性变形和断裂；只有后两者对mar有显著影响。该方法基于后两种损伤机制评估划痕/mar。 1.4 虽然本标准是针对油漆涂层制定的，但也适用于其他类型的类似聚合物- 涂层，例如，沉积在硬质基材上的油漆、清漆、釉料和其他装饰和保护层。 1.5 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。括号中给出的值仅供参考。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 该测试解决了现有mar测试中的两个限制，例如测试方法 D1044号 , D3363 , D5178 , D6037 和 D6279 ，即: 4.1.1 测量到的损坏是由数百个具有不同接触几何形状的接触件引起的，这使得很难或不可能可靠地确定接触点处的机械量（力、位移）。 4.1.2 使用主观视觉评估评估损伤，该评估仅提供磨损的定性感觉，几乎没有关于mar机制的信息。 4.2 该测试定量评估了油漆涂层在各种条件下的划痕/擦伤行为的机械方面。 控制加载速率、速度和温度等测试变量的能力允许研究各种环境中的划痕/损伤行为。 4.3 本试验方法特别适用于实验室试板上油漆涂层的测量。 4.4 涂层表面的不均匀性和不规则性可能会显著影响划痕/擦伤性能的准确性和精度。 4.5 现场研究中观察到良好的抗擦伤性与高塑性阻力和高断裂阻力的组合之间存在相关性。当涂层具有高塑性阻力和低断裂阻力，或低塑性阻力和高断裂阻力时，现场研究中出现了相互矛盾的结果。 4.6 耐擦伤性表征了涂层抵抗光损伤的能力。mar和耐刮擦性之间的区别在于，mar仅与破坏涂层外观的相对精细的表面划痕有关。mar阻力的机械方面取决于粘弹性和热回收、屈服或塑性流动以及微观断裂之间的复杂相互作用。聚合物具有挑战性，因为它们表现出一系列机械性能，从近液体到橡胶材料，再到脆性固体。机械性能与速率和温度有关，与粘度有关- 弹性恢复会导致划痕随时间变化。评估聚合物涂层和塑料的一个测试是测试方法 D7027 . 4.7 由于该方法测量机械质量，例如损伤形成过程中的力和位移（变形），因此可以进一步研究速率依赖性、温度依赖性和粘弹塑性恢复，并且损伤的视觉影响可以与变形机制相关。

1.1 This test method covers a nanoscratch method for determining the resistance of paint coatings on smooth flat surfaces to scratch/mar. 1.2 Other methods used in scratch/mar evaluation physically scratch or mar a sample’s surface with single or multiple contact cutting, and then use visual inspection to assign a ranking. It has been recognized that loss of appearance is mainly due to surface damage created. This method quantitatively and objectively measures scratch/mar behavior by making the evaluation process two steps with emphasis on surface damage. Step one is to find the relationship between damage shape and size and external input (such as forces, contact geometry, and deformation). Step two is to relate damage shape and size to visual loss of luster. The first step is covered by this method; in addition, a survey in the appendix provides an example of an experiment to relate the damage to the change in luster. 1.3 There are three elementary deformation mechanisms: elastic deformation, plastic deformation and fracture; only the latter two contribute significantly to mar. This method evaluates scratch/mar based on the latter two damage mechanisms. 1.4 Although this standard was developed for paint coatings, it can also be applied to other types of similar polymer-based coatings, for example, lacquers, varnishes, glazes and other decorative and protective layers deposited on hard substrates. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This test addresses two limitations in existing mar tests such as Test Methods D1044 , D3363 , D5178 , D6037 , and D6279 , namely: 4.1.1 Measured damage is caused by hundreds of contacts with differing contact geometries making it difficult or impossible for mechanical quantities (force, displacement) at the contact points to be reliably determined. 4.1.2 The damage is evaluated using subjective visual assessments, which provide only a qualitative sense of wear with little information about mar mechanisms. 4.2 This test provides a quantitative assessment of a paint coating’s mechanistic aspects of scratch/mar behavior in various conditions. The ability to control testing variables such as loading rate, speed, and temperature allow the study of the scratch/mar behavior in a variety of environments. 4.3 This test method is particularly suitable for measurement of paint coatings on laboratory test panels. 4.4 The accuracy and precision of scratch/mar performance may be significantly influenced by coating surface non-uniformity and irregularities. 4.5 A correlation has been observed between good mar resistance in field studies and a combination of high plastic resistance and high fracture resistance. When coatings have had either high plastic resistance and low fracture resistance, or low plastic resistance and high fracture resistance, there have been contradictory results in field studies. 4.6 Mar resistance characterizes the ability of the coating to resist light damage. The difference between mar and scratch resistance is that mar is related to only the relatively fine surface scratches which spoil the appearance of the coating. The mechanistic aspects of mar resistance depend on a complex interplay between visco-elastic and thermal recovery, yield or plastic flow, and micro-fracture. Polymers are challenging because they exhibit a range of mechanical properties from near liquid through rubber materials to brittle solids. The mechanical properties are rate and temperature dependent and visco-elastic recovery can cause scratches to change with time. One such test for evaluating polymeric coatings and plastics is Test Method D7027 . 4.7 Since this method measures mechanical qualities, such as forces and displacements (deformations) during the damage making process, rate dependence, temperature dependence, and visco-elastic-plastic recovery can be further investigated and visual impacts of damage can be related to deformation mechanisms.