长期以来，欧洲住宅一直采用自然通风系统来控制室内空气质量并提供热舒适。欧洲建筑设计师越来越多地转向自然通风来控制空气质量，并为商业和机构建筑降温，希望利用自然通风系统的潜力来节约与机械冷却和风扇运行相关的能源。在过去十年早期成功的鼓舞下，欧洲建筑设计师开发了先进的自然通风技术，引入了结合机械和自然手段的有前途的混合通风技术，并开发了用于设计这些系统的分析工具。这些系统可能适合北美环境，但需要做大量工作，以实现北美可能提供的全部潜在自然通风。 所需的工作包括建模研究，这些研究可能需要先进的模拟工具，以充分模拟复杂的热力和气流耦合动力学。本文对荷兰最近建造的一座具有代表性的自然通风建筑进行了建模研究。多区域热/气流耦合模拟工具CONTAM97R用于研究该建筑在两种具有挑战性的北美气候下的性能。对该建筑在其自然气候下的测量和预测性能进行比较，作为验证练习，并校准用于后续分析研究的建筑模型。最初，该建筑的五层部分有两个模型，一个是带有通风入口和排气口详细表示的单区模型，另一个是考虑所有用途的高度详细的31区模型- 提供和渗透流动路径。校准研究完成后，使用一个较为详细的11区模型来证明宏观耦合热/气流性能评估在位于炎热干旱的北美地区加利福尼亚州洛杉矶的恩斯切德税务局夜间通风冷却系统设计开发中的应用。在使用过热度-小时性能指标进行反复试验后，调整了部件尺寸，以实现夜间冷却目标。该建模工作表明，CONTAM97R等宏观工具提供了基本的空间和时间细节，可以指导与整个建筑和室内空气分布和热性能相关的系统设计。在某些情况下，可能需要更详细的室内细节。在这些情况下，性能评估将合理地继续对各个房间进行详细的计算流体动力学研究。 单位:SICitation:研讨会，ASHRAE交易，第108卷，第页。2.

Natural ventilation systems have long been employed in European residences to control indoor air quality and provide thermal comfort. Increasingly, European building designer have turned to natural ventilation to control air quality and cool commercial and institutional buildings as well, hoping to take advantage of the potential of natural ventilation systems to conserve energy associated with mechanical cooling and fan operation. Encouraged by the early uccesses of the past decade, European building designers have advanced natural ventilation technology,introduced promising hybrid ventilation technologies that combine mechanical and natural means, and developed analytical tools for the design of these systems. These systems may be adapted to the North American context, but much work will need to be done to realize the full potential natural ventilation may offer to North America. The needed work includes modeling studies that may require advanced simulation tools to adequately model the complex coupled thermal and airflow dynamics.A modeling study of a representative naturally ventilated building recently constructed in The Netherlands is presented. A multizone coupled thermal/airflow simulation tool CONTAM97R is used to investigate the performance of this building in two challenging North American climates. Comparisons of measured and predicted performance of this building in its native climate were performed as a validation exercise and to calibrate the building models used for subsequent analytical studies. Initially, two models of a five-story segment of this building were formulated —a single-zone model with detailed representations of ventilation inlets and exhausts and a highly detailed 31-zone model accounting for all purpose-provided and infiltration flow paths.After the calibration studies,a moderately detailed 11-zone model was then used to demonstrate the application of macroscopic coupled thermal/airflow performance evaluation to the design development of night ventilation cooling systems for the Enschede Tax Office placed in a hot, arid North American location —Los Angeles,California. Following a trial-and-error procedure using an overheated degree-hour performance metric, component sizes were adjusted to achieve the night cooling objective.This modeling effort demonstrated that a macroscopic tool uch as CONTAM97R provides essential spatial and temporal details that can guide system design relating to both whole-building and inter-room air distribution and thermal performance. In some cases, greater intra-room detail may be required. In these cases, performance evaluation would reasonably proceed to detailed computational fluid dynamic studies of individual rooms.Units: SI