1.1 本规程涵盖了使用少量溶剂从水中提取挥发性和半挥发性有机化合物的标准程序。 1.2 感兴趣的化合物在有机溶剂中的溶解度必须大于在水相中的溶解度。 1.3 并非所有可用于微萃取的溶剂都在本实践中得到了解决。使用前必须证明溶剂对提取感兴趣的化合物的适用性。 1.4 该实践提供了适用于任何适合溶剂注射的技术的样品提取物，例如气相色谱法或高效液相色谱法（HPLC）。 1.5 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.6 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 有关具体的危险说明，请参阅第节 9 . 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 本规程提供了从水基质中溶剂萃取挥发性和半挥发性有机化合物的通用程序。溶剂萃取是有机成分溶剂萃取的初始步骤，用于量化可萃取的有机化合物。 4.2 使用具有火焰离子化检测器（FID）、电子捕获检测器（ECD）或质谱仪（GC/MS）的气相色谱（GC）微萃取技术可以实现的典型检测极限范围为毫克每升（mg/L）至纳克每升（ng/L）。特定有机化合物测试方法的检测限、线性浓度范围和灵敏度将取决于样品净化、注射体积、溶剂与样品的比例、使用的溶剂浓度方法和使用的测定技术。 4.3 微萃取具有速度快、萃取装置简单、使用少量样品和溶剂等优点。 4.3.1 选择性可以通过选择溶剂（通常是己烷或戊烷）或混合溶剂、提取时间和温度以及溶液的离子强度来提高。 4.3.2 从样品容器本身到专门为微量提取设计的商业设备，提取设备可以有所不同。看见 7.1 和 7.2 . 4.3.3 可通过本规程确定的氯化有机化合物清单包括高沸点和低沸点化合物或化学品（见 表1 ). A. 基于在戊烷溶液中注射氯化化合物，通过微萃取技术考虑水样的浓度为100:1。

1.1 This practice covers standard procedures for extraction of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from water using small volumes of solvents. 1.2 The compounds of interest must have a greater solubility in the organic solvent than the water phase. 1.3 Not all of the solvents that can be used in micro extraction are addressed in this practice. The applicability of a solvent to extract the compound(s) of interest must be demonstrated before use. 1.4 This practice provides sample extracts suitable for any technique amenable to solvent injection such as gas chromatography or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9 . 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This practice provides a general procedure for the solvent extraction of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from a water matrix. Solvent extraction is used as the initial step in the solvent extraction of organic constituents for the purpose of quantifying extractable organic compounds. 4.2 Typical detection limits that can be achieved using micro-extraction techniques with gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detector (FID), electron capture detector (ECD), or with a mass spectrometer (GC/MS) range from milligrams per litre (mg/L) to nanograms per litre (ng/L). The detection limit, linear concentration range, and sensitivity of the test method for a specific organic compound will depend upon the sample clean-up, injection volume, solvent to sample ratio, solvent concentration methods used, and the determinative technique employed. 4.3 Micro-extraction has the advantage of speed, simple extraction devices, and the use of small amounts of sample and solvents. 4.3.1 Selectivity can be improved by the choice of solvent (usually hexane or pentane) or mixed solvents, extraction time and temperature, and ionic strength of the solution. 4.3.2 Extraction devices can vary from the sample container itself to commercial devices specifically designed for micro-extraction. See 7.1 and 7.2 . 4.3.3 A list of chlorinated organic compounds that can be determined by this practice includes both high and low boiling compounds or chemicals (see Table 1 ). (A) Based on the injection of chlorinated compounds in pentane solution, taking into consideration the 100:1 concentration of a water sample by the microextraction technique.