1.1 了解世界寒冷地区土壤和岩石系统中发生的环境过程，不仅取决于土壤和岩石的物理、化学和生物特性，还取决于其存在的气候因素。感兴趣的过程可能包括但不限于地表和地下水文、污染物动员、分布、归宿和运输、废物的化学和生物降解、地貌和一般生态过程。 1.2 本指南应与指南一起使用 D5730 . 1.3 本指南描述了在寒冷地区规划现场调查时需要考虑的特殊问题。 本指南的主要重点是介绍世界寒冷地区场地特征的特殊问题和关注点。 1.4 土壤、岩石和地下水样品的实验室测试由本指南中未具体讨论的其他ASTM标准规定。指南中包含了与环境调查相关的物理性质测量的实验室方法 D5730 . 1.5 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。 1.6 本指南强调了所有现场人员在世界冻土带和永久冻土地区作业时必须注意的事项。 1.7 本指南提供了有组织的信息收集或一系列选项，并不推荐具体的行动方案。本文件不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断一起使用。并非本指南的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM标准不代表或取代必须根据其判断给定专业服务的充分性的谨慎标准，也不应在不考虑项目的许多独特方面的情况下应用本文件。本文件标题中的“标准”一词仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序获得批准。 1.8 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.9 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 本指南与指南一起使用时 D5730 ，提供了选择各种ASTM标准的方向，这些标准可用于土壤、岩石、渗流区、地下水和其他介质的调查，其中调查具有环境目的，并在世界寒冷地区进行。其目的是通过提供信息来协助环境勘测或调查计划的设计，提高实践的一致性，并鼓励合理规划场地特征规划。本指南旨在提供有助于尽可能减少现场调查作业对冻土或永久冻土区域影响的信息，并提高寒冷地区环境作业的安全性。 4.2 本指南提供了用于世界寒冷地区环境目的的现场特征描述的信息和参考。

1.1 Understanding environmental processes that occur in soil and rock systems in cold regions of the world depends on adequate characterization of not only the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil and rock but also the climatic factors under which they exist. Processes of interest may include, but are not limited to, surface and subsurface hydrology, contaminant mobilization, distribution, fate and transport, chemical and biological degradation of wastes, geomorphological, and ecological processes in general. 1.2 This guide should be used in conjunction with Guide D5730 . 1.3 This guide describes special problems to be considered when planning field investigations in cold regions. The primary focus of this guide is presenting the special problems and concerns of site characterization in the cold regions of the world. 1.4 Laboratory testing of soil, rock, and groundwater samples is specified by other ASTM standards that are not specifically discussed in this guide. Laboratory methods for measurement of physical properties relevant to environmental investigations are included in Guide D5730 . 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.6 This guide emphasizes the care that must be taken by all field personnel during operations in tundra and permafrost areas of the world. 1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This guide, when used in conjunction with Guide D5730 , provides direction to the selection of the various ASTM standards that are available for the investigation of soil, rock, the vadose zone, groundwater, and other media where the investigations have an environmental purpose and are conducted in cold regions of the world. It is intended to improve consistency of practice and to encourage rational planning of a site characterization program by providing information to assist in the design of an environmental reconnaissance or investigation plans. This guide is intended to provide information that will help reduce as much as possible the effect of site investigation operations on areas of frozen ground or permafrost and increase the safety of environmental operations in cold regions. 4.2 This guide presents information and references for site characterization for environmental purposes in cold regions of the world.