1.1 本试验方法包括获得颗粒尺寸分布、化学分类和试验方法的程序 E45 使用具有X射线分析和自动图像分析功能的自动扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对钢中夹杂物进行评级。 1.2 描述了三种离散方法。方法1是测试方法的SEM模拟 E45 ，使用图像分析和光学显微镜制作自动化测试方法 E45 评级。方法2产生了类似的评级，主要基于根据化学将夹杂物分类为测试方法中定义的传统类别 E45 当需要特定夹杂物类型的明确细节时，建议使用方法3，而不一定在试验方法中进行定义 E45 ，例如验证夹杂物工程钢中夹杂物的成分。方法3报告了立体参数，如体积或数量分数，而不是测试方法 E45 类型评级。 1.3 本试验方法仅涉及推荐的试验方法，其中的任何内容都不应被解释为定义或确定任何级别的钢或其他合金的可接受性限制（如果该方法合适）。 1.4 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。本标准中不包括其他计量单位。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ===意义和用途====== 5.1 该测试方法涵盖了以下基于SEM/EDX的自动化程序: 5.1.1 根据标准中列出的程序对钢的夹杂物含量进行评级 E45 和 E1245 ，具有显著差异的是，通过X射线分析确定的单个夹杂物的成分被用于将其分类为化学类别。 5.1.2 确定钢中夹杂物的数量、大小和形态分布，按化学类别分类。 5.2 本试验方法的方法1和2主要用于评定用硅或铝脱氧的钢（包括硅和铝）或未添加硅或铝的真空处理钢的夹杂物含量。提供了用稀土添加剂或含钙化合物处理的钢中夹杂物评级指南( 13 4. )。当对此类钢进行评估时，测试报告应描述根据每个夹杂物类别（A、B、C、D）评定的夹杂物的性质。 5.3 方法1和2将为每种夹杂物类型和厚度提供夹杂物含量的定量评级，其严重程度为从0到5的一半（试验方法的方法D E45 )，和中的表格 表2 .试验方法 E45 SEM的评级可能与以下确定的评级不同 E45 因为在分类中使用了化学。为了区分 E45 使用SEM从使用光学显微镜的传统评级中获得的评级，使用本试验方法的方法1或2获得的评级应确定为 E45 -SEM1和 E45 -SEM2。 5.4 方法3定义了通过任意尺寸分布和化学分类分析和报告夹杂物的程序。通过适当选择这些分类，可以使其适用于任何材料。 5.4.1 方法3确定并报告基本（如测试方法中所用 E1245 )立体测量（例如，硫化物和氧化物的体积分数、每平方毫米硫化物或氧化物的数量等）。然而，该测试方法并不涉及此类参数的测量。 E45 方法3中没有产生评级，因为夹杂物分类不符合试验方法中定义的分类 E45 。 5.5 定量结果旨在描述钢热中夹杂物的类型和数量。此测试方法不包含此类使用指南。

1.1 This test method covers procedures to obtain particle size distribution, chemical classification, and Test Methods E45 ratings of inclusions in steels using an automated scanning electron microscope (SEM) with X-ray analysis and automatic image analysis capabilities. 1.2 There are three discrete methods described. Method 1 is the SEM analog of Test Method E45 , which uses image analysis and light microscopy to produce automated Test Methods E45 ratings. Method 2 produces similar ratings based predominantly on sorting inclusions by chemistry into the traditional classes defined in Test Methods E45 . Method 3 is recommended when explicit detail is needed on particular inclusion types, not necessarily defined in Test Methods E45 , such as to verify the composition of inclusions in inclusion-engineered steel. Method 3 reports stereological parameters such as volume or number fraction, rather than Test Methods E45 type ratings. 1.3 This test method deals only with the recommended test methods and nothing in it should be construed as defining or establishing limits of acceptability for any grade of steel or other alloy where the method is appropriate. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This test method is established to cover automated SEM/EDX-based procedures for: 5.1.1 Rating the inclusion content of steels based on procedures listed in Standards E45 and E1245 , with the significant difference that the composition of the individual inclusions, as determined by X-ray analysis, is utilized to sort them into chemical classes. 5.1.2 Determining the number, size and morphological distribution of inclusions in steels sorted by chemical class. 5.2 Methods 1 and 2 of this test method are primarily intended for rating the inclusion content of steels deoxidized with silicon or aluminum, both silicon and aluminum, or vacuum-treated steels without either silicon or aluminum additions. Guidelines are provided to rate inclusions in steel treated with rare earth additions or calcium-bearing compounds ( 13.4 ). When such steels are evaluated, the test report should describe the nature of the inclusions rated according to each inclusion category (A, B, C, D). 5.3 Methods 1 and 2 will provide a quantitative rating of the inclusion content in half-severity number increments from 0 to 5 for each inclusion type and thickness (Method D of Test Method E45 ), and in tabulated in Table 2 . Test Method E45 ratings by SEM may differ from those determined following E45 because of the use of chemistry in the classifications. In order to differentiate E45 ratings obtained using the SEM from traditional ratings using light microscopy, the ratings obtained using Method 1 or 2 of this Test Method shall be identified as E45 -SEM1 and E45 -SEM2, respectively. 5.4 Method 3 defines procedures to analyze and report inclusions by arbitrary size distribution and chemical classifications. It may be made applicable to any material by appropriate choice of these classifications. 5.4.1 Method 3 determines and reports basic (as used in Test Method E1245 ) stereological measurements (for example, volume fraction of sulfides and oxides, the number of sulfides or oxides per square millimeter, and so forth). This test method, however, does not address the measurement of such parameters. E45 ratings are not produced in Method 3 because the inclusion classifications do not follow those defined in Test Method E45 . 5.5 The quantitative results are intended to provide a description of the types and amounts of inclusions in a heat of steel. This test method contains no guidelines for such use.