1.1 本试验方法包括通过测量从混凝土试样或结构上拔出嵌入金属嵌入件和附着混凝土碎片所需的力来确定硬化混凝土的拔出强度。插入件要么浇注到新浇混凝土中，要么安装在硬化混凝土中。该试验方法不提供用于估计其他强度特性的统计程序。 1.2 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。本试验方法中不包括其他测量单位。 1.3 本测试方法的文本是指提供解释材料的注释和脚注。这些注释和脚注（不包括表和图中的注释和脚注）不应被视为本试验方法的要求。 1.4 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 ( 警告 新鲜的水硬性胶结混合物具有腐蚀性，长时间暴露可能会对皮肤和组织造成化学灼伤。 2. ) 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 对于给定的测试设备，拉拔强度可以与抗压强度测试结果相关。这种强度关系受嵌入嵌入件的配置、轴承环尺寸、嵌入深度和骨料类型（轻质或正常重量）的影响。在使用之前，必须使用一系列混凝土混合物或项目中使用的特定混凝土混合物，通过实验为每个测试系统建立关系。 如果拉拔试样和抗压强度试样具有相似的尺寸，固结到相似的密度，并在相似的条件下固化，则这种关系更可靠。 注1: 已发布的报告 ( 1. 19 ) 4. 由不同的研究人员介绍他们在使用拉拔试验设备方面的经验。参考ACI PRC-228.1 ( 14 ) 以指导建立强度关系和解释测试结果。 5.2 如果强度关系已被试验指定人接受，则使用拉拔试验来估计混凝土的原位强度，以确定其是否已达到规定水平，例如: 1. 可以进行后张紧； 2. 可以移除模板和海岸； 3. 结构可以投入使用；或 4. 冬季保护和养护可能会终止。 此外，安装后的拉拔试验可用于评估现有结构中混凝土的强度。 5.3 在规划拉拔试验和分析试验结果时，应考虑到在结构构件中给定混凝土浇筑内，混凝土强度通常会随着高度的增加而降低。 5.4 测得的拔出强度表示由插入头和支承环限定的圆锥台表示的区域内的混凝土强度。对于典型的表面安装，拉拔强度表示混凝土构件外部区域的质量，并有利于评估钢筋混凝土构件的覆盖区域。 5.5 现浇嵌件要求在混凝土浇筑之前对其在结构中的位置进行规划。后安装的插入件可以放置在结构中的任何期望位置，只要满足以下要求 7.1 都很满意。 5.6 此测试方法不适用于其他类型的桩- 安装试验，如果试验失败，则不涉及与本试验方法中所述的现浇试验相同的失效机制，也不会产生相同的圆锥台 ( 16 ) .

1.1 This test method covers determination of the pullout strength of hardened concrete by measuring the force required to pull an embedded metal insert and the attached concrete fragment from a concrete test specimen or structure. The insert is either cast into fresh concrete or installed in hardened concrete. This test method does not provide statistical procedures to estimate other strength properties. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this test method. 1.3 The text of this test method refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ( Warning— Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. 2 ) 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 For a given test apparatus, pullout strengths can be related to compressive strength test results. Such strength relationships are affected by the configuration of the embedded insert, bearing ring dimensions, depth of embedment, and the type of aggregate (lightweight or normal weight). Before use, the relationship must be established experimentally for each test system using a range of concrete mixtures or the specific concrete mixtures to be used in the project. Such relationships are more reliable if both pullout test specimens and compressive strength test specimens are of similar size, consolidated to similar density, and cured under similar conditions. Note 1: Published reports ( 1- 19 ) 4 by different researchers present their experiences in the use of pullout test equipment. Refer to ACI PRC-228.1 ( 14 ) for guidance on establishing a strength relationship and interpreting test results. 5.2 If a strength relationship has been accepted by the specifier of tests, pullout tests are used to estimate the in-place strength of concrete to establish whether it has reached a specified level so that, for example: (1) post-tensioning may proceed; (2) forms and shores may be removed; (3) structure may be placed into service; or (4) winter protection and curing may be terminated. In addition, post-installed pullout tests may be used to estimate the strength of concrete in existing construction. 5.3 In planning pullout tests and analyzing test results, consideration should be given to the normally expected decrease of concrete strength with increasing height within a given concrete placement in a structural element. 5.4 The measured pullout strength is indicative of the strength of concrete within the region represented by the conic frustum defined by the insert head and bearing ring. For typical surface installations, pullout strengths are indicative of the quality of the outer zone of concrete members and can be of benefit in evaluating the cover zone of reinforced concrete members. 5.5 Cast-in-place inserts require that their locations in the structure be planned in advance of concrete placement. Post-installed inserts can be placed at any desired location in the structure provided the requirements of 7.1 are satisfied. 5.6 This test method is not applicable to other types of post-installed tests that, if tested to failure, do not involve the same failure mechanism and do not produce the same conic frustum as for the cast-in-place test described in this test method ( 16 ) .