1.1 该测试方法涵盖了在高烟尘条件下进行的重型柴油发动机测试程序，以评估在EGR环境中有关阀系磨损、顶环磨损、污泥沉积和机油滤清器堵塞的机油性能。该试验方法通常称为康明斯ISM试验。 2. 1.2 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.2.1 例外情况- 唯一的例外是，没有直接的SI等效物，如螺纹、国家管道螺纹/直径、管道尺寸，或者只有供应设备规范的唯一来源。 1.3 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 看见 附件A1 一般安全预防措施。 1.4 目录: 部分 范围 1. 参考文件 2. 术语 3. 试验方法总结 4. 意义和用途 5. 仪器 6. 测试发动机配置 6.1 测试发动机 6.1.1 油热交换器、适配器块、挡板 6.1.2 机油滤清器头改造 6.1.3 油底壳改造 6.1.4 发动机控制模块（ECM） 6.1.5 发动机位置传感器 6.1.6 进气歧管温度传感器 6.1.7 大气压力传感器 6.1.8 涡轮增压器控制器 6.1.9 电源电压 6.1.10 空气压缩机和燃油泵 6.1.11 发动机缸体准备 6.1.12 试验台配置 6.2 发动机支座 6.2.1 进气系统 6.2.2 后冷器 6.2.3 排气系统 6.2.4 废气再循环系统 6.2.5 燃油系统 6.2.6 冷却液系统 6.2.7 加压注油系统 6.2.8 外部油系统 6.2.9 曲轴箱吸气 6.2.10 窜气率 6.2.11 系统时间响应 6.3 油样容器 6.4 质量平衡 6.5 发动机和清洗液 7. 测试油 7.1 试验燃料 7.2 发动机冷却液 7.3 戊烷 7.4 溶剂 7.5 仪器的准备 8. 零件的清洁 8.1 全体的 8.1.1 发动机缸体 8.1.2 气缸盖 8.1.3 摇臂盖和油底壳 8.1.4 外部油系统 8.1.5 十字头清洁和测量 8.1.6 连杆轴承清洁和测量 8.1.7 环的清洁和测量 8.1.8 喷油器调整螺钉的清洁和测量 8.1.9 发动机总成 8.2 全体的 8.2.1 零件重复使用和更换 8.2.2 积聚机油 8.2.3 冷却液恒温器 8.2.4 机油恒温器 8.2.5 喷油器 8.2.6 新零件 8.2.7 操作测量 8.3 单位和格式 8.3.1 仪器校准 8.3.2 温度 8.3.3 压力 8.3.4 流速 8.3.5 进气和排气CO 2. 测量 8.3.6 发动机/支架校准和非参考油测试 9 全体的 9.1 新试验台 9.2 新试验台校准 9.2.1 支架校准周期 9.3 支架修改和校准状态 9.4 测试编号系统 9.5 全体的 9.5.1 参考油测试 9.5.2 非参考油测试 9.5.3 参考油测试验收 9.6 参考油责任 9.7 上次开始日期 9.8 捐赠的参考油测试计划 9.9 调整参考油校准周期 9.10 程序偏差 9.10.1 零件和燃料短缺 9.10.2 参考机油测试数据流 9.10.3 参考油校准系统的特殊用途 9.10.4 试验程序 10 发动机安装和支架连接 10.1 冷却液系统加注 10.2 磨合加油 10.3 已提交引擎生成 10.3.3 燃料样品 10.4 发动机预热 10.5 预热期间停机 10.5.1 发动机磨合 10.6 停机和维护 10.7 正常关机 10.7.1 紧急停机 10.7.2 维修 10.7.3 停工期 10.7.4 200小时试验程序 10.8 试验加油 10.8.2 操作条件 10.8.4 喷油正时变化 10.8.5 烟尘质量百分比有效性 10.8. 6. 测试计时器 10.8.7 操作数据采集 10.8.8 油样 10.8.9 机油添加量 10.8.10 测试结束（EOT） 10.9 发动机拆解 10.9.3 计算、额定值和测试有效性 11 十字头质量损失 11.1 十字头质量损失修正系数 11.1.7.1 喷油器调整螺钉质量损失 11.2 喷油器调整螺钉修正系数 11.2.5 环质量损失 11.3 污泥等级 11.4 机油滤清器堵塞 11.5 机油分析 11.6 机油消耗量 11.7 燃料分析 11.8 其他分析 11.8.1 操作有效性评估 11.9 测试解释性评估 11.10 测试报告 12 报告表格 12.1 参考油测试 12.2 测试结果的电子传输 12.2.1 精度和偏差 13 精确 13.1 中间精度条件 13 1.1 再现性条件 13.1.2 偏见 13.2 关键词 14 附件 安全注意事项 附件A1 进气后冷器 附件A2 发动机制造零件套件 附件A3 传感器位置、特殊硬件和发动机缸体修改 附件A4 外部油系统 附件A5 康明斯服务出版物 附录A6 指定的单位和格式 附件A7 报表和数据字典 附录A8 污泥评级工作表 附录A9 机油分析 附件A10 操作有效性的确定 附录A11 排气CO 2. 取样探头 附录A12 ISM评分计算 附录A13 附录 典型系统配置 附录X1 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 开发本试验方法是为了评估发动机机油在重载工况下控制发动机磨损和沉积物的性能，所选工况用于加速配备废气再循环硬件的涡轮增压后冷四冲程柴油发动机中的烟尘生成、气门系磨损和沉积物形成。 5.2 当本试验方法的所有细节均符合要求时，本试验方法可用于发动机机油规格验收。规范中包含了适用的发动机机油服务类别 D4485 . 5.3 本试验方法中使用的发动机设计代表了许多但并非所有现代柴油发动机。外推试验结果时，需要考虑该因素以及加速运行条件。

1.1 The test method covers a heavy-duty diesel engine test procedure conducted under high soot conditions to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve train wear, top ring wear, sludge deposits, and oil filter plugging in an EGR environment. This test method is commonly referred to as the Cummins ISM Test. 2 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exception— The only exception is where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing sizes, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions. 1.4 Table of Contents: Section Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Summary of Test Method 4 Significance and Use 5 Apparatus 6 Test Engine Configuration 6.1 Test Engine 6.1.1 Oil Heat Exchanger, Adapter Blocks, Block Off Plate 6.1.2 Oil Filter Head Modification 6.1.3 Oil Pan Modification 6.1.4 Engine Control Module (ECM) 6.1.5 Engine Position Sensor 6.1.6 Intake Manifold Temperature Sensor 6.1.7 Barometric Pressure Sensor 6.1.8 Turbocharger Controller 6.1.9 Power Supply Voltage 6.1.10 Air Compressor and Fuel Pump 6.1.11 Engine Block Preparation 6.1.12 Test Stand Configuration 6.2 Engine Mounting 6.2.1 Intake Air System 6.2.2 Aftercooler 6.2.3 Exhaust System 6.2.4 Exhaust Gas Recirculation System 6.2.5 Fuel System 6.2.6 Coolant System 6.2.7 Pressurized Oil Fill System 6.2.8 External Oil System 6.2.9 Crankcase Aspiration 6.2.10 Blowby Rate 6.2.11 System Time Responses 6.3 Oil Sample Containers 6.4 Mass Balance 6.5 Engine and Cleaning Fluids 7 Test Oil 7.1 Test Fuel 7.2 Engine Coolant 7.3 Pentane 7.4 Solvent 7.5 Preparation of Apparatus 8 Cleaning of Parts 8.1 General 8.1.1 Engine Block 8.1.2 Cylinder Head 8.1.3 Rocker Cover and Oil Pan 8.1.4 External Oil System 8.1.5 Crosshead Cleaning and Measurement 8.1.6 Rod Bearing Cleaning and Measurement 8.1.7 Ring Cleaning and Measurement 8.1.8 Injector Adjusting Screw Cleaning and Measurement 8.1.9 Engine Assembly 8.2 General 8.2.1 Parts Reuse and Replacement 8.2.2 Build-Up Oil 8.2.3 Coolant Thermostat 8.2.4 Oil Thermostat 8.2.5 Fuel Injectors 8.2.6 New Parts 8.2.7 Operational Measurements 8.3 Units and Formats 8.3.1 Instrumentation Calibration 8.3.2 Temperatures 8.3.3 Pressures 8.3.4 Flow Rates 8.3.5 Intake and Exhaust CO 2 Measurement 8.3.6 Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests 9 General 9.1 New Test Stand 9.2 New Test Stand Calibration 9.2.1 Stand Calibration Period 9.3 Stand Modification and Calibration Status 9.4 Test Numbering System 9.5 General 9.5.1 Reference Oil Tests 9.5.2 Non-Reference Oil Tests 9.5.3 Reference Oil Test Acceptance 9.6 Reference Oil Accountability 9.7 Last Start Date 9.8 Donated Reference Oil Test Programs 9.9 Adjustments to Reference Oil Calibration Periods 9.10 Procedural Deviations 9.10.1 Parts and Fuel Shortages 9.10.2 Reference Oil Test Data Flow 9.10.3 Special Use of the Reference Oil Calibration System 9.10.4 Test Procedure 10 Engine Installation and Stand Connections 10.1 Coolant System Fill 10.2 Oil Fill for Break-in 10.3 Engine Build Committed 10.3.3 Fuel Samples 10.4 Engine Warm-up 10.5 Shutdown During Warm-up 10.5.1 Engine Break-in 10.6 Shutdown and Maintenance 10.7 Normal Shutdown 10.7.1 Emergency Shutdown 10.7.2 Maintenance 10.7.3 Downtime 10.7.4 200-h Test Procedure 10.8 Oil Fill for Test 10.8.2 Operating Conditions 10.8.4 Injection Timing Change 10.8.5 Mass % Soot Validity 10.8.6 Test Timer 10.8.7 Operational Data Acquisition 10.8.8 Oil Sampling 10.8.9 Oil Addition 10.8.10 End of Test (EOT) 10.9 Engine Disassembly 10.9.3 Calculations, Ratings and Test Validity 11 Crosshead Mass Loss 11.1 Crosshead Mass Loss Correction Factor 11.1.7.1 Injector Adjusting Screw Mass Loss 11.2 Injector Adjusting Screw Correction Factor 11.2.5 Ring Mass Loss 11.3 Sludge Ratings 11.4 Oil Filter Plugging 11.5 Oil Analyses 11.6 Oil Consumption 11.7 Fuel Analyses 11.8 Additional Analysis 11.8.1 Assessment of Operational Validity 11.9 Assessment of Test Interpretability 11.10 Test Report 12 Report Forms 12.1 Reference Oil Test 12.2 Electronic transmission of Test Results 12.2.1 Precision and Bias 13 Precision 13.1 Intermediate Precision Conditions 13.1.1 Reproducibility Conditions 13.1.2 Bias 13.2 Keywords 14 Annexes Safety Precautions Annex A1 Intake Air Aftercooler Annex A2 Engine Build Parts Kit Annex A3 Sensor Locations, Special Hardware, and Engine Block Modifications Annex A4 External Oil System Annex A5 Cummins Service Publications Annex A6 Specified Units and Formats Annex A7 Report Forms and Data Dictionary Annex A8 Sludge Rating Worksheets Annex A9 Oil Analyses Annex A10 Determination of Operational Validity Annex A11 Exhaust CO 2 Sampling Probe Annex A12 ISM Merit Rating Calculation Annex A13 Appendix Typical System Configurations Appendix X1 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of an engine oil to control engine wear and deposits under heavy-duty operating conditions selected to accelerate soot generation, valve train wear, and deposit formation in a turbocharged, aftercooled four-stroke-cycle diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware. 5.2 This test method can be used for engine oil specification acceptance when all details of this test method are in compliance. Applicable engine oil service categories are included in Specification D4485 . 5.3 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions needs to be considered when extrapolating test results.