1.1本指南涵盖了评估环境噪声的许多测量方法和标准。它包括以下内容: 1.1.1权重、惩罚和归一化因子的使用； 1.1.2噪声测量和标准的类型，说明其局限性和最佳用途； 1.1.3标准来源； 1.1.4标准选择的推荐程序； 1.1.5选定可用标准的目录；和 1.1.6声级测量和标准的建议应用。 1.2 标准选择 — 本指南将帮助用户选择以下标准: 1.2.1评估现有或潜在室外声音对社区的影响；或 1.2.2制定或修订当地噪声条例、规范或细则，包括分区法规中的性能标准。 1.3 标准的原因 — 本指南讨论了制定噪声标准的许多原因、测量和规定声音的方法以及最广泛使用的标准类型的优缺点。本指南向用户推荐适当的文档，以获取更详细的信息和指导。具体标准清单包括国家政府监管要求。需要进一步了解声音和声音测量一般背景的用户请参阅参考资料部分列出的书籍。 1.4 法规中的标准 — 某些标准规定由政府法规、法律或条例用于特定目的。这些标准考虑了易于执行和对政府的成本影响。在某些情况下，它们可能不是最合适的标准。本指南将讨论这些标准的局限性。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 ====意义和用途====== 环境噪声评价 — 通过将噪声测量或预测与一个或多个标准进行比较来评估环境噪声。根据评估的目的，有许多不同的标准和方法来测量和指定噪声。 标准的选择 — 本指南有助于选择适当的标准和测量方法来评估噪声。在进行选择时，用户应考虑以下因素:评估目的（兼容性、活动干扰、美观性、舒适性、烦恼、健康影响、听力损伤等）。 ); 可用或可能可用的数据类型（A加权、倍频带、平均电平、最大电平、昼夜电平、校准记录，包括可以进行各种测量的.wav文件等）；用于获取该数据的仪器和人力的可用预算；以及使用特定标准的监管或法律要求。选择测量方法后，用户应参考适当的参考资料以获得更详细的指导。 4.3 客观与主观评价 — 室外感知的整体声环境通常称为声景观。声景具有客观（定量）和主观（定性）属性。本指南仅限于室外声音的客观测量和评估，尽管使用的标准可能会受到定性因素的影响。 当前的声景研究涉及广泛依赖声学和非声学定性因素的评估方法和标准，同时包括定量声音测量的要求。定量声景测量的两个基本原则是，一个位置的环境声音由可以单独或组合测量的特定声学事件的组合组成；声音应该用代表人们听到声音的方式的方法来测量。 (1)

1.1 This guide covers many measurement methods and criteria for evaluating environmental noise. It includes the following: 1.1.1 The use of weightings, penalties, and normalization factors; 1.1.2 Types of noise measurements and criteria, indicating their limitations and best uses; 1.1.3 Sources of criteria; 1.1.4 Recommended procedures for criteria selection; 1.1.5 A catalog of selected available criteria; and 1.1.6 Suggested applications of sound level measurements and criteria. 1.2 Criteria Selection — This guide will assist users in selecting criteria for the following: 1.2.1 Evaluating the effect of existing or potential outdoor sounds on a community; or 1.2.2 Establishing or revising local noise ordinances, codes, or bylaws, including performance standards in zoning regulations. 1.3 Reasons for Criteria — This guide discusses the many reasons for noise criteria, ways sound can be measured and specified, and advantages and disadvantages of the most widely used types of criteria. The guide refers the user to appropriate documents for more detailed information and guidance. The listing of specific criteria includes national government regulatory requirements. Users needing further general background on sound and sound measurement are directed to the books listed in the References section. 1.4 Criteria in Regulations — Certain criteria are specified to be used by government regulation, law, or ordinance for specific purposes. Ease of enforcement and cost impact on government are considerations for these criteria. They may not be the most appropriate criteria in some circumstances. This guide will discuss the limitations of these criteria. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ====== Significance And Use ====== Evaluation of Environmental Noise — Environmental noise is evaluated by comparing a measurement or prediction of the noise to one or more criteria. There are many different criteria and ways of measuring and specifying noise, depending on the purpose of the evaluation. Selection of Criteria — This guide assists in selecting the appropriate criteria and measurement method to evaluate noise. In making the selection, the user should consider the following: purpose of the evaluation (compatibility, activity interference, aesthetics, comfort, annoyance, health effects, hearing damage, etc.); type of data that are available or could be available (A-weighted, octave-band, average level, maximum level, day-night level, calibrated recordings including.wav files from which various measurements could be made, etc.); available budget for instrumentation and manpower to obtain that data; and regulatory or legal requirements for the use of a specific criterion. After selecting a measurement method, the user should consult appropriate references for more detailed guidance. 4.3 Objective versus Subjective Evaluations — The overall sound environment as perceived outdoors is often called a soundscape. Soundscapes have both objective (quantitative) and subjective (qualitative) attributes. This guide is limited to the objective measurement and evaluation of sound found outdoors though the criteria used may be influenced by qualitative factors. Current soundscape research involves evaluation methods and criteria that rely extensively on qualitative factors, both acoustical and non-acoustical, while including requirements for quantitative sound measurement. Two basic tenets of quantitative soundscape measurements are that the ambient sound at a location is comprised of a combination of specific acoustic events that can be measured individually and in combinations; and that the sounds should be measured using methods that represent the ways in which they are heard by people. (1)