1.1 这些测试方法包括两种电桥技术，用于测量脉冲和假辉光局部放电的能量和积分电荷: 1.2 试验方法A利用电容和损耗特性，例如通过变比臂桥或高压先灵桥测量的电容和损耗特性（试验方法 D150型 ). 试验方法A有助于从测量的电容和tanδ随电压的增加中获得电介质中局部放电引起的积分电荷转移和能量损失。（另请参见IEEE 286和IEEE 1434） 1.3 测试方法B使用了一种稍有不同的桥式电路，即电荷电压轨迹（平行四边形）技术，该技术直接在示波器上指示集成电荷转移和局部放电引起的能量损失大小。 1.4 这两种测试方法旨在补充脉冲的测量和检测- 试验方法涵盖的局部放电类型 D1868 ，通过测量每个周期脉冲放电和假辉光放电的电荷和能量总和。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 具体预防说明见第节 7. . 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 这些测试方法可用于测量局部放电引起的电荷转移和能量损失，因此在评估绝缘材料和系统的研究和质量控制中非常有用 ( 4. ) ( 5. ) ( 6. ) . 5.2 局部放电的脉冲测量表明了单个放电的幅度。然而，如果每个周期有大量放电，则偶尔需要知道其电荷总和，因为该总和与放电的内部气体空间的总体积有关，如果假设气体腔是与固体电介质的电容串联的简单电容 ( 7. ) ( 8. ) . 5.3 内部（空腔型）放电主要是具有快速上升时间的脉冲（火花型）或具有长上升时间的假辉光型，这取决于空腔内存在的放电控制参数。 如果假辉光放电的上升时间太长，它们将逃避测试方法中涵盖的脉冲探测器的检测 D1868 . 然而，无论上升时间长短，假辉光放电和无脉冲辉光都可以通过试验方法的方法A或B轻松测量 D3382 . 5.4 在空气中观察到假辉光放电，特别是当涉及部分导电表面时。这种部分导电表面可能与聚合物一起发展，聚合物暴露在局部放电下足够长的时间，以积累酸性降解产物。此外，在某些应用中，例如涡轮发电机，使用氢等低分子量气体作为冷却剂，可能会产生假辉光放电。

1.1 These test methods cover two bridge techniques for measuring the energy and integrated charge of pulse and pseudoglow partial discharges: 1.2 Test Method A makes use of capacitance and loss characteristics such as measured by the transformer ratio-arm bridge or the high-voltage Schering bridge (Test Methods D150 ). Test Method A has been found useful to obtain the integrated charge transfer and energy loss due to partial discharges in a dielectric from the measured increase in capacitance and tan δ with voltage. (See also IEEE 286 and IEEE 1434) 1.3 Test Method B makes use of a somewhat different bridge circuit, identified as a charge-voltage-trace (parallelogram) technique, which indicates directly on an oscilloscope the integrated charge transfer and the magnitude of the energy loss due to partial discharges. 1.4 Both test methods are intended to supplement the measurement and detection of pulse-type partial discharges as covered by Test Method D1868 , by measuring the sum of both pulse and pseudoglow discharges per cycle in terms of their charge and energy. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Section 7 . 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 These test methods are useful in research and quality control for evaluating insulating materials and systems since they provide for the measurement of charge transfer and energy loss due to partial discharges ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) . 5.2 Pulse measurements of partial discharges indicate the magnitude of individual discharges. However, if there are numerous discharges per cycle it is occasionally important to know their charge sum, since this sum is related to the total volume of internal gas spaces that are discharging, if it is assumed that the gas cavities are simple capacitances in series with the capacitances of the solid dielectrics ( 7 ) ( 8 ) . 5.3 Internal (cavity-type) discharges are mainly of the pulse (spark-type) with rapid rise times or the pseudoglow-type with long rise times, depending upon the discharge governing parameters existing within the cavity. If the rise times of the pseudoglow discharges are too long, they will evade detection by pulse detectors as covered in Test Method D1868 . However, both the pseudoglow discharges irrespective of the length of their rise time as well as pulseless glow are readily measured either by Method A or B of Test Methods D3382 . 5.4 Pseudoglow discharges have been observed to occur in air, particularly when a partially conducting surface is involved. It is possible that such partially conducting surfaces will develop with polymers that are exposed to partial discharges for sufficiently long periods to accumulate acidic degradation products. Also in some applications, like turbogenerators, where a low molecular weight gas such as hydrogen is used as a coolant, it is possible that pseudoglow discharges will develop.