1.1 本试验方法描述了新的电绝缘液体以及电缆、变压器、油断路器和其他电气设备中使用中或使用后的液体的试验。 1.2 该测试方法提供了在商业频率为45之间进行裁判测试的程序 Hz和65 赫兹。 1.3 如果希望进行精度要求较低的常规测定，则允许对本试验方法进行某些修改，如第节所述 16 到 24 。 1.4 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.5 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并在使用前确定监管限制的适用性。 中给出了具体警告 11.3.3 。 1.6 汞已被美国环保局和许多国家机构指定为可导致神经系统、肾脏和肝脏损伤的危险物质。汞或其蒸汽可能对健康有害，并对材料具有腐蚀性。处理汞和含汞产品时应小心谨慎。有关详细信息，请参阅适用的产品安全数据表（SDS），有关其他信息，请参见EPA网站。用户应意识到，州法律可能禁止向您所在的州销售汞和/或含汞产品。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 耗散系数（或功率系数）-- 这是电绝缘液体在交变电场中使用时的介电损耗和作为热量耗散的能量的度量。低的耗散因数或功率因数表示低的交流介电损耗。耗散因子或功率因子可以作为质量控制的一种手段，也可以作为由服务中的污染和劣化或处理引起的质量变化的指示。 4.1.1 损耗特性通常根据损耗因数（损耗角的正切）或功率因数（损耗角度的正弦）来测量，并且可以表示为十进制值或百分比。对于高达0.05的十进制值，耗散因子和功率因子值在大约千分之一的范围内彼此相等。 一般来说，由于状态良好的绝缘油的损耗因数或功率因数的十进制值低于0.005，因此可以认为这两个测量值（项）是可互换的。 4.1.2 耗散因子之间的确切关系( d )和功率因数( PF )由以下方程给出: 的报告值 d 或 PF 可以表示为十进制值或百分比。例如: 4.2 相对介电常数-- 绝缘液体通常用于单独或与固体绝缘材料组合使电网的部件彼此绝缘和与地绝缘，或者用作电容器的电介质。对于第一种用途，通常需要低的相对介电常数值，以便使电容尽可能小，与可接受的化学和传热特性一致。 然而，相对介电常数的中间值有时可能有利于在液体和固体绝缘材料之间实现交流电场的更好的电压分布，液体可以与固体绝缘材料串联。当用作电容器中的电介质时，希望具有较高的相对介电常数值，从而电容器的物理尺寸可以尽可能小。 4.3 测试方法中给出了与介电测量技术和介电损耗源相关的理论 D150 。

1.1 This test method describes testing of new electrical insulating liquids as well as liquids in service or subsequent to service in cables, transformers, oil circuit breakers, and other electrical apparatus. 1.2 This test method provides a procedure for making referee tests at a commercial frequency of between 45 Hz and 65 Hz. 1.3 Where it is desired to make routine determinations requiring less accuracy, certain modifications to this test method are permitted as described in Sections 16 to 24 . 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warnings are given in 11.3.3 . 1.6 Mercury has been designated by the EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPA's website for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state may be prohibited by state law. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor)— This is a measure of the dielectric losses in an electrical insulating liquid when used in an alternating electric field and of the energy dissipated as heat. A low dissipation factor or power factor indicates low ac dielectric losses. Dissipation factor or power factor may be useful as a means of quality control, and as an indication of changes in quality resulting from contamination and deterioration in service or as a result of handling. 4.1.1 The loss characteristic is commonly measured in terms of dissipation factor (tangent of the loss angle) or of power factor (sine of the loss angle) and may be expressed as a decimal value or as a percentage. For decimal values up to 0.05, dissipation factor and power factor values are equal to each other within about one part in one thousand. In general, since the dissipation factor or power factor of insulating oils in good condition have decimal values below 0.005, the two measurements (terms) may be considered interchangeable. 4.1.2 The exact relationship between dissipation factor ( D ) and power factor ( PF ) is given by the following equations: The reported value of D or PF may be expressed as a decimal value or as a percentage. For example: 4.2 Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant)— Insulating liquids are used in general either to insulate components of an electrical network from each other and from ground, alone or in combination with solid insulating materials, or to function as the dielectric of a capacitor. For the first use, a low value of relative permittivity is often desirable in order to have the capacitance be as small as possible, consistent with acceptable chemical and heat transfer properties. However, an intermediate value of relative permittivity may sometimes be advantageous in achieving a better voltage distribution of ac electric fields between the liquid and solid insulating materials with which the liquid may be in series. When used as the dielectric in a capacitor, it is desirable to have a higher value of relative permittivity so the physical size of the capacitor may be as small as possible. 4.3 Theory relating to dielectric measurement techniques and to sources of dielectric loss is given in Test Methods D150 .