1.1 这些测试方法涵盖了确定光伏组件承受机械负载、应力和挠度的能力的程序，这些负载、应力和挠度用于加速模拟大风条件、大雪和结冰以及非平面安装效应。 1.1.1 2400 Pa的静载荷试验用于模拟两个模块表面上的风载荷。 1.1.2 采用5400 Pa的静载荷试验来模拟模块前表面上的大雪和结冰。 1.1.3 扭曲测试用于模拟光伏模块的非平面安装，使其扭曲角度为1。 2°. 1.1.4 10的循环负载测试 000个周期的持续时间和1440 Pa的峰值荷载用于模拟动态风荷载或其他弯曲荷载。此类装载可能发生在装运期间或在特定位置安装后。 1.2 这些试验方法定义了光伏试样和安装方法，并规定了必须记录和报告的参数。 1.3 任何单独的机械试验可以单独进行，也可以与其他机械或非机械试验组合成一个试验序列，或两者兼有。某些预处理试验方法（如退火或光浸泡）也可能是必要的或可取的，作为该序列的一部分。 然而，此类试验顺序和预处理的确定超出了这些试验方法的范围。 1.4 这些测试方法不确定合格或不合格水平。可接受或不可接受结果的确定超出了这些试验方法的范围。 1.5 这些测试方法不适用于集中器模块。 1.6 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.7 以下预防性警告仅适用于危险部分，第节 6. ，以及警告声明， 7.5.3.2 和 7.6.3.2 ，这些试验方法。 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 光伏组件的使用寿命可能取决于其承受周期性暴露于大风、特定现场条件或装运方法引起的循环载荷、模块表面累积冰雪引起的高载荷以及安装到非平面表面或结构上引起的扭转挠度的能力。对模块的影响可能是物理或电气，或两者兼而有之。最重要的是，这些影响可能会危及模块的安全，尤其是在高压应用中，或者公众可能暴露在碎玻璃或其他碎片中。 4.2 这些试验方法描述了安装试样、进行规定的机械试验和报告试验效果的程序。 4.2.1 安装和紧固方法应尽可能符合制造商的建议。如果模块框架上提供插槽或多个安装孔以实现可选安装点功能，则应选择最坏情况下的安装位置，以使模块承受最大应力。 4.2.2 如果正在测试无框架模块，则应严格按照制造商的说明，使用推荐的连接夹、支架、紧固件或其他硬件安装模块，并拧紧至规定扭矩。 4.2.3 试样以平面方式安装在测试基座上（除非另有规定），模拟现场安装布置，以确保模块在代表其现场使用的配置中进行测试。 4.2.4 在扭转测试过程中，以模拟非平面现场安装的方式安装模块，其中一个紧固点发生位移，以产生1.2°的有意扭转。 4.3 试验期间获得的数据可用于评估和比较模拟环境对试样的影响。 这些测试方法需要分析可见效应和电气性能效应。 4.3.1 对模块的影响可能从无变化到重大变化不等。即使没有明显的电气性能变化，也可以看到模块中的一些物理变化。相反，在模块中没有明显变化的情况下，可能会发生电气性能变化。 4.3.2 报告中必须描述所有测量条件、试验暴露的影响以及与这些试验方法的任何偏差，以便对其重要性进行评估。 4.4 如果这些试验方法是作为与其他机械或非机械试验组合顺序的一部分进行的，则最终电气试验的结果( 7.2 )和目视检查( 7.3 )从一个测试中可以用作下一个测试的初始电气测试和目视检查；除非另有规定，否则无需重复这些测试。 4.5 一些模块设计可能不使用任何外部金属组件，因此缺少模块制造商指定的接地点。在这些情况下，接地路径连续性测试不适用。

1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining the ability of photovoltaic modules to withstand the mechanical loads, stresses and deflections used to simulate, on an accelerated basis, high wind conditions, heavy snow and ice accumulation, and non-planar installation effects. 1.1.1 A static load test to 2400 Pa is used to simulate wind loads on both module surfaces. 1.1.2 A static load test to 5400 Pa is used to simulate heavy snow and ice accumulation on the module front surface. 1.1.3 A twist test is used to simulate the non-planar mounting of a photovoltaic module by subjecting it to a twist angle of 1.2°. 1.1.4 A cyclic load test of 10 000 cycles duration and peak loading to 1440 Pa is used to simulate dynamic wind or other flexural loading. Such loading might occur during shipment or after installation at a particular location. 1.2 These test methods define photovoltaic test specimens and mounting methods, and specify parameters that must be recorded and reported. 1.3 Any individual mechanical test may be performed singly, or may be combined into a test sequence with other mechanical or nonmechanical tests, or both. Certain preconditioning test methods such as annealing or light soaking may also be necessary or desirable as a part of such a sequence. However, the determination of such test sequencing and preconditioning is beyond the scope of these test methods. 1.4 These test methods do not establish pass or fail levels. The determination of acceptable or unacceptable results is beyond the scope of these test methods. 1.5 These test methods do not apply to concentrator modules. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the hazards portion, Section 6 , and the warning statements, 7.5.3.2 and 7.6.3.2 , of these test methods. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 The useful life of photovoltaic modules may depend on their ability to withstand periodic exposure to high wind forces, cyclic loads induced by specific site conditions or shipment methods, high loads caused by accumulated snow and ice on the module surface, and twisting deflections caused by mounting to non-planar surfaces or structures. The effects on the module may be physical or electrical, or both. Most importantly, the effects may compromise the safety of the module, particularly in high voltage applications, or where the public may be exposed to broken glass or other debris. 4.2 These test methods describe procedures for mounting the test specimen, conducting the prescribed mechanical tests, and reporting the effects of the testing. 4.2.1 The mounting and fastening method shall comply with the manufacturer's recommendations as closely as possible. If slots or multiple mounting holes are provided on the module frame for optional mounting point capability, the worst-case mounting positions shall be selected in order to subject the module to the maximum stresses. 4.2.2 If an unframed module is being tested, the module shall be mounted in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions using the recommended attachment clips, brackets, fasteners or other hardware, and tightened to the specified torque. 4.2.3 The test specimen is mounted on a test base in a planar manner (unless specified otherwise), simulating a field mounting arrangement in order to ensure that modules are tested in a configuration that is representative of their use in the field. 4.2.4 During the twist test, the module is mounted in a manner simulating a non-planar field mounting where one of the fastening points is displaced to create an intentional twist of 1.2°. 4.3 Data obtained during testing may be used to evaluate and compare the effects of the simulated environments on the test specimens. These test methods require analysis of both visible effects and electrical performance effects. 4.3.1 Effects on modules may vary from no changes to significant changes. Some physical changes in the module may be visible even though there are no apparent electrical performance changes. Conversely, electrical performance changes may occur with no visible change in the module. 4.3.2 All conditions of measurement, effects of the test exposure, and any deviations from these test methods must be described in the report so that an assessment of their significance can be made. 4.4 If these test methods are being performed as part of a combined sequence with other mechanical or nonmechanical tests, the results of the final electrical test ( 7.2 ) and visual inspection ( 7.3 ) from one test may be used as the initial electrical test and visual inspection for the next test; duplication of these tests is unnecessary unless so specified. 4.5 Some module designs may not use any external metallic components and thus lack a ground point designation by the module manufacturer. In these cases, the ground path continuity test is not applicable.